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Viewing cable 09UNVIEVIENNA206, COPOUS: WRAP-UP OF THE 46TH SESSION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09UNVIEVIENNA206 2009-05-07 08:49 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED UNVIE
VZCZCXYZ0000
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHUNV #0206/01 1270849
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 070849Z MAY 09
FM USMISSION UNVIE VIENNA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9406
INFO RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHDC
RUEHVI/AMEMBASSY VIENNA 1343
RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 1002
RUEHOT/AMEMBASSY OTTAWA 0647
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON 1147
RUEHRL/AMEMBASSY BERLIN 0795
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 0688
RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW 0898
RUEHRO/AMEMBASSY ROME 0446
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 1635
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 0881
RUEANAT/NASA WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
RUCPDC/USDOC WASHDC
RULSDMK/DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION WASHDC 0071
RHEBAAA/USDOE WASHDC
RUEHC/DEPT OF INTERIOR WASHDC
RUEAFCC/FCC WASHDC
RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHDC
UNCLAS UNVIE VIENNA 000206 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: TSPA TSPL UNGA UNPUOS
 
SUBJECT: COPOUS: WRAP-UP OF THE 46TH SESSION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND 
TECHNICAL SUBCOMMITTEE (STSC), FEBRUARY 9-20, 2009 
 
REF:  A. STATE 28279 
------- 
SUMMARY 
------- 
1.  (U) The 48th session of the Legal Subcommittee (LSC) of the UN 
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) yielded 
positive results for the United States and set the stage for the 
further advancement of USG interests in the LSC next year.  The 
second year consideration of national legislation relevant to the 
exploration and use of outer space and capacity building in space 
law generated considerable discussion.  The subcommittee considered 
for the first time national implementation of space debris 
mitigation measures.  The working group on the status of the five UN 
Outer Space Treaties examined the low rate of participation in the 
Moon Agreement and agreed that it would continue its discussions in 
2010.  Austria also announced its intention to convene a 
multidisciplinary seminar on issues related to the Moon Treaty 
before the next session of the Subcommittee.  End summary. 
 
---------------- 
Weapons in Space 
---------------- 
 
2.  (U) The 2009 session of the LSC was devoid of any serious effort 
to inject space arms control (or other contentious political issues) 
into the work of the Subcommittee, with only China, Cuba, and Russia 
raising this topic.  All three suggested that new international 
legal instruments were needed to prevent the weaponization of space 
and use of force. Remarks referring to an "arms race" in space were 
not supported by other countries and were not followed up on during 
the rest of the session. 
 
------------------------ 
Iridium-Cosmos Collision 
------------------------ 
 
3.  (U) Per reftel, USDEL updated the subcommittee on the collision 
of Iridium 33 and COSMOS 2251.  Several delegations made direct or 
indirect reference to the collision in the course of calling for 
greater adherence to debris mitigation guidelines and the need for 
international standards for safe space operations. Russia did not 
mention the collision. 
 
-------------------- 
Outer Space Treaties 
-------------------- 
 
4.   (U) The working group under Agenda Item 4 - Status and 
Application of the Five International Legal Instruments Governing 
Outer Space was reconvened and chaired again by Vassilios 
Cassapoglou of Greece. The working group spent much of its time 
discussing the Moon Agreement and the reasons for the low 
participation of states.  The secretariat prepared a background 
paper on activities being carried out on the Moon, international and 
national rules governing those activities and information from 
States Parties to the Moon Agreement about the benefits of adherence 
to that Agreement.  As agreed at the last session of the LSC, this 
report was based primarily on information provided by member states. 
In addition, the working group had before it a joint statement that 
had been presented last year by Austria, Belgium, Chile, Mexico, the 
Netherlands, Pakistan, and the Philippines (all states parties to 
the Agreement) on the benefits of adherence to the Agreement.  A 
number of delegations, notably Russia, China, and Japan, gave 
detailed interventions on specific provisions of the Agreement that 
they believe are in conflict with or are inconsistent with 
provisions of the other four outer space treaties.  They also 
expressed concerns that the interaction between the concepts of 
province of mankind found in the Outer Space Treaty and the common 
heritage of mankind contained in the Moon Agreement raised potential 
inconsistencies that would need to be addressed.  The working group 
agreed to continue considering the Moon Agreement at its next 
 
session. (Comment:  The interventions by China, Japan and Russia 
underscored the fact that there is no consensus in COPUOS for 
reforming the Moon Treaty.  Indeed, the more the agreement is 
analyzed and discussed, the less willing non-states parties seem to 
fix it.  End comment.) 
 
 
-------------------------------- 
Delimitation of Outer Space/ 
Use of Geostationary Orbit (GSO) 
-------------------------------- 
 
5.  (U) Discussion of Agenda Item 6, Delimitation of Outer Space/Use 
of Geostationary Orbit (GSO), largely repeated comments made in 
previous years.  The working group under this agenda item was 
reconstituted under the chairmanship of Jose Monserrat Filho 
(Brazil).  In the plenary and working group, numerous states 
explained their views on not only whether a definition of outer 
space is desirable, but also regarding the use of geostationary 
orbits.  Russia and Ukraine spoke strongly in favor of a 
definition/delimitation, arguing that as different legal regimes 
apply to airspace and outer space, one needs 
to know the boundary between them.  In the working group and in the 
plenary the US and other Western Group delegations expressed the 
view that a definition/delimitation of outer space was unnecessary. 
Both the Group of Latin American and Caribbean States (GRULAC) (as a 
whole) and Indonesia emphasized the need for equitable access to the 
GSO, a limited natural resource.  The GRULAC in particular 
referenced the relevant International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 
processes. 
 
6.  (U) The Committee agreed to invite member states to submit 
information on national legislation or practices that relate to the 
definition and/or delimitation of outer space, and to request the 
secretariat to continue to address to member states the following 
questions: 
 
a) Does your government consider it necessary to define outer space 
and/or to delimit air space and outer space, given the current level 
of space and aviation activities and technological development in 
space and aviation technologies?; 
 
b) Does your Government favor another approach to solving this 
issue? 
 
(Comment: There was no serious effort to invigorate this working 
group because it is clear that the diametrically opposed views will 
not be reconciled any time soon.  End comment) 
 
 
------------------------------ 
Nuclear Power Sources in Space 
------------------------------ 
 
7.  (U) All delegations intervening on Agenda Item 7, Nuclear Power 
Sources in Space, welcomed the adoption at the last session of the 
STSC of the Safety Framework for Nuclear Power Source Applications 
in Outer Space. The GRULAC delegations called for binding norms for 
the use of NPS and Venezuela reiterated the reservations they had 
expressed at the time the framework was adopted at the STSC.  Russia 
delivered a lengthy statement asserting that the framework is 
non-binding and is not an interpretation or replacement of other 
instruments dealing with NPS.  Further, the guidelines are designed 
to promote the safe use of NPS and should serve as a guide for 
national NPS activities.  The known uses of NPS remain the same as 
when the 1992 NPS principles were adopted, therefore, no changes to 
the principles are necessary.  Finally, Russia suggested that we 
need an in-depth analysis of the national implementation of the 
principles and the STSC framework and with that experience there 
could be the possibility of developing an international high-level 
instrument. 
 
 
 
--------------------- 
Space Assets Protocol 
--------------------- 
 
8.  (U) Member states reiterated their support for the space assets 
protocol and noted that there did not appear to be any legal 
conflicts between the protocol and the space treaties.  UNIDROIT 
reported that a steering committee had been established and met on 
May 7-9, 2008.  In addition, two subcommittees were established on 
default remedies in respect of components and public services, 
respectively.  The results of the subcommittees' work will be 
considered by the steering committee when it meets May 14-15, 2009. 
At that time, the steering committee will also assess the 
possibility of convening the committee of governmental experts 
November 30-December 4, 2009, and adopting the draft space assets 
protocol at a diplomatic conference in the third quarter of 2010. 
 
 
------------------------------ 
Capacity-building in Space Law 
------------------------------ 
 
9.  (U) There was a high level of participation in Agenda Item 10, 
Capacity-building in space law.  Member states and observers 
reported on efforts to promote capacity building, training and 
education in space law.  The exchange of information reinforced the 
need for states to develop a cadre of government and non-government 
experts with the knowledge of the legal framework at the national 
and international levels within which space activities are carried 
out.  The Subcommittee identified a number of actions that could be 
undertaken to strengthen capacity in space law, particularly in 
developing countries.  The Subcommittee agreed to consider the item 
again next year.  It also recommended that member states, observers 
and OOSA consider the means of implementing the above identified 
actions and to inform the Subcommittee on any steps taken or planned 
on a national, regional, or international level.  Based on a 
recommendation from the previous session of the subcommittee, OOSA 
worked with space law educators and representatives of the regional 
centers for space science and technology education, affiliated with 
the UN, to develop a draft curriculum on space law.  The draft was 
well received by delegations, and OOSA will work to finalize the 
draft for the next session. 
 
 
------------------------------------- 
National Mechanisms Relating to Space 
Debris Mitigation Measures 
------------------------------------- 
 
10.  (U) This was the first year that Agenda Item 10, National 
Mechanisms relating to Space Debris Mitigation Measures, was 
considered.  The topic was added to the agenda based on a U.S. 
proposal presented last year.  Statements were made by Canada, 
China, France, India, Italy, Russia, and the U.S.  Special 
presentations were also made by Japan, Russia, and the European 
Space Agency (ESA).  The subcommittee recommended that states 
continue to implement space debris mitigation measures and to study 
the experience of states that had already established national 
mechanisms governing mitigation measures, and further agreed that 
the item should be retained on the agenda. 
 
 
--------------------------------------------- 
National Legislation Relevant to the Peaceful 
Exploration and Use of Outer Space 
--------------------------------------------- 
 
11.  (U) This was the second year of a 4-year work plan on general 
exchange of information on national legislation relevant to the 
 
peaceful exploration and use of outer space, with the aim of 
providing a broader picture of how states regulate their national 
space activities.  A working group, chaired by Irmgard Marboe 
(Austria), was convened for the first time. The working group had 
before it the presentations and conference room papers presented 
last year and submissions from France, Belgium, Japan, and EUTELSAT 
IGO.  In addition, statements were made in the plenary by Italy, 
Poland, and South Africa.  The working group, taking into account 
the reports and national submissions before it, conducted a review 
of the following issues: 1) Reasons for States to enact space 
legislation; 2) Scope of space activities targeted by national 
regulatory frameworks; 3) Scope of national jurisdiction over space 
activities; 4) Competence of national authorities in the 
authorization, registration and supervision of space activities; 5) 
Conditions to be fulfilled for registration and authorization; 
6)Regulations concerning liability; and 7) Compliance and 
monitoring.  There was extensive and substantive participation by 
delegates that resulted in a solid report. 
 
12.  (U) The working group agreed that a number of issues need 
further consideration, such as the regulation by states of transfers 
of ownership of space objects and transfer of authorized space 
activities to third parties, the participation of private nationals 
in space flights and the treatment in service provider contracts of 
issues of liability and responsibility for collisions of satellites 
in outer space.  It was also recommended that member states be 
invited to respond to the seven issues above and that member states 
that have not yet enacted national legislation should be invited to 
submit information on the reasons for the absence of such 
legislation.  In addition, the secretariat will prepare, in 
consultation with the chair, a paper providing a schematic overview 
of existing national regulatory frameworks based on the information 
provided to the working group.  (Comment: The working group got off 
to a great start due to the superb leadership provided by Prof. 
Marboe and the substantive submissions and presentations made by 
member states.  We anticipate that this high quality of work will be 
sustained over the life of the agenda item and will result in an 
extremely useful product. End comment) 
 
 
----------------------- 
Proposals for New Items 
----------------------- 
 
13.  (U) Items on the UNIDROIT space protocol, capacity building in 
space law, debris mitigation, and NPS were retained along with the 
standing items.  Consensus could not be reached on the proposals 
that were suggested at the last session.  Additionally, Saudi Arabia 
proposed an item on regulation of the dissemination of earth 
observation satellite images through the World Wide Web, however, 
there was no consensus. 
 
14.  (U) The U.S. Delegation has cleared this cable. 
 
SCHULTE