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Viewing cable 09YEREVAN103, DEFENSE MINISTER REVIEWS CSTO, RUSSIA, REGIONAL

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09YEREVAN103 2009-02-17 16:24 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Yerevan
VZCZCXRO5149
PP RUEHDBU RUEHFL RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHNP RUEHROV RUEHSR
DE RUEHYE #0103/01 0481624
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
P 171624Z FEB 09 ZDS
FM AMEMBASSY YEREVAN
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8664
INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC//USDP:RUE// PRIORITY
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J5/RUE// PRIORITY
RHMFISS/CDR USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//J2/J5/HSE// PRIORITY
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 03 YEREVAN 000103 
 
SIPDIS 
 
/// C O R R E C T E D  C O P Y /// 
/// REVISED CLASSIFICATION FOR PARAGRAPH 2 AND FIXED SIGNATURE LINE/// 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/12/2019 
TAGS: PREL MARR MOPS NATO CIS RU TU AJ AF AM
SUBJECT: DEFENSE MINISTER REVIEWS CSTO, RUSSIA, REGIONAL 
SECURITY, AND POSSIBLE AFGHANISTAN  DEPLOYMENT 
 
REF: YEREVAN USDAO IIR 6942 0021 09 (DTG 120620Z FEB 
     09) 
 
YEREVAN 00000103  001.2 OF 003 
 
 
Classified By: AMB Marie L. Yovanovitch, reasons 1.4 (b,d) 
 
1.  (C) SUMMARY:  Defense Minister Seyran Ohanian reviewed 
Armenia's regional security perspectives with Ambassador 
February 10.  He commented that the recently-announced CSTO 
reaction force remains only "on paper."  He linked Russia's 
military presence in Armenia to the potential threat posed by 
Turkish and Azerbaijani troops, while also acknowledging the 
NATO/IPAP problem created by Armenia's mention of this issue 
in its National Military Doctrine document.  He expressed 
confidence in Armenian and Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) forces' 
combined ability to fend off any Azerbaijani attack.  Ohanian 
said President Sargsian is committed to achieving an NK 
solution during his tenure in office.  He expressed support 
for the idea of Armenian troops deploying with Kansas 
National Guard troops in support of Operation Enduring 
Freedom.  END SUMMARY 
 
DEVELOPING DEFENSE TIES -- AFGHANISTAN AN OPTION 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
 
2.  (C)  Ambassador and Defense Attache hosted Defense 
Minister Seyran Ohanian and MG Haik Kotanjian (Commandant of 
the MOD's Institute of National Strategic Studies and an 
adviser to the minister) to lunch February 10, in an outreach 
effort to deepen political-military ties with the Defense 
Ministry.  Ohanian praised President Serzh Sargsian for his 
work as defense minister to drive Armenian defense reform and 
advance NATO/IPAP progress.  Ohanian said that the Armenian 
government is still supportive of potential plans for 
Armenian forces to participate in Afghanistan mission with 
the Kansas National Guard's (KSNG) upcoming OEF deployment, 
though he did not go into details.  Ohanian also mentioned 
MOD discussions with Germany over a possible ISAF deployment 
(reftel).  The Ambassador noted that she had also spoken with 
Foreign Minister Nalbandian about different Afghanistan 
scenarios, whether with the KSNG or German troops. (COMMENT: 
Armenia presumably will choose to join either Germany or the 
U.S., not both, as a means of contributing in Afghanistan, 
but after several previous failures to find a good partner 
for its Afghanistan deployment, continues to explore a range 
of options in search of a good fit. END COMMENT) 
 
CSTO STILL NOTIONAL 
------------------- 
 
3. (C) When asked about Armenia,s role in the newly-created 
Joint Rapid Reaction Force (JRRF) of the Collective Security 
Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Minister said that Armenia is 
still studying its objectives for participation in the JRRF, 
but has not yet designated any operational units to be a part 
of it.  Minister Ohanian is the current Secretary of the CSTO 
council.  He noted that CSTO has been working on this project 
for some time, but said in reality the JRRF is a long-term 
project and remains mostly "on paper."  There are still many 
questions that have to be resolved, based on the interests of 
each member country.  General Kotanjian, commented that CSTO 
JRRF is based upon the NATO Response Force (NRF) model and 
will have similar missions, such as counter-terrorism and 
natural disaster response. 
 
RUSSIA'S ROLE IN ARMENIA'S DOMESTIC DEFENSE CALCULATONS 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
4.  (C) The Ambassador mentioned her interest in visiting the 
Russian 102nd Military Base, headquartered in Gyumri.  In 
reply, the Minister said that the primary reason for the 
Russian 102nd Base dated from Soviet times and was intended 
to defend against the Turkish Third Field Army, which he 
contends is still considered a significant security threat to 
Armenia.  The Russian military presence in Armenia is a major 
component of Armenian security.  He said the majority of 
forces of the Turkish Third Army are within a "120 kilometer 
Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) treaty exclusion zone" 
and are not subject to CFE inspections.  He said these forces 
and the Turkish support to Azerbaijani military forces 
stationed in Nakhichevan pose the greatest security threat to 
Armenia because they could easily cut Armenia into two. 
 
TURKEY AND NATO 
--------------- 
 
5. (C) Ohanian recalled the political difficulty created in 
Armenia's NATO/IPAP process over the fact that Armenia had 
made explicit reference to the Turkish-Azerbaijani military 
alliance as a potential threat to Armenia's national security 
 
YEREVAN 00000103  002.2 OF 003 
 
 
in its National Military Doctrine.  He mentioned that these 
documents are still being worked on, and was hopeful the 
Armenians could reach an "appropriate" solution.Ohanian said 
he could not overlook any military threat to the country. 
(Note:  In the spring of 2008, Turkey broke silence 
concerning the Armenian IPAP approval process over the 
reference in the IPAP to Armenia,s Military Doctrine and its 
discussion of Turkey as a threat.  End Note). 
 
6. (C) The Minister said that President Sargsian is committed 
to achieving peaceful reconciliation with Turkey during his 
term of office. Ohanian was hopeful that the "football 
diplomacy" between the two presidents will lead to further 
worthwhile negotiations that would lead to a settlement 
between the two counties and an eventual opening of the 
Turkish-Armenian border. 
 
CONFIDENT OF NK SECURITY, DESIRE FOR PEACE 
------------------------------------------ 
 
7.  (C) The Minister commented that he is not unduly 
concerned about the numerical superiority of the Azerbaijani 
Armed Forces or their recent attempts to improve the quality 
of their forces.  He said he remains confident that NK can be 
defended from any potential Azerbaijani military action, and 
that he does not lie awake at nights worrying about NK or an 
Azerbaijani military attack.  He said "their" army is strong, 
but "our army is ready."  Ohanian said that NK Armenians were 
proud, fierce fighters, but nonetheless -- having seen war -- 
now prefer a peaceful resolution to the conflict with 
Azerbaijan over the disputed territories.  He expressed 
confidence that Azerbaijani sentiments are the same, as both 
sides had tasted the bitter fruits of war. 
 
8. (C) The Minister stated that the people of NK fully 
support President Sargsian's policy of peaceful settlement as 
the only means of reaching a solution.  He said President 
Sargsian wanted to achieve a settlement during his term. 
Ohanian stated that NK had never really been a part of an 
independent Azerbaijan and that the Referendum of 1988 was 
the real voice of the NK people.  A further referendum would 
really only be duplicative.  (Note: The 1988 referendum was 
for NK to secede from the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist 
Republic and unify with Armenia. End Note) The Ambassador 
noted that resolution to the NK conflict would redefine the 
regional security environment and economic prospects for the 
better across the region.  Ohanian agreed. 
 
A LOST OPPORTUNITY 
------------------ 
 
9.  (C) Ohanian observed that Armenia had been scheduled to 
host the June 2009 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 
Defense Ministerial meeting, but Azerbaijan had objected that 
the meeting should not be held in a country "in conflict," so 
the location was moved from Yerevan to Moscow.  Ohanian said 
he was disappointed by this decision because he had planned 
to host the Azerbaijani Defense Minister, Safar Abbiyev, and 
had planned to include Azerbaijani folk dances and songs in 
the cultural part of the program. 
 
COMMENT 
------- 
 
10. (C)  The better we get to know Minister Ohanian, the more 
we like him as a partner in political-military efforts.  He 
seems a straightforward interlocutor, who is respected in the 
Armenian government and within the Defense Ministry.  His 
credibility as a soldier is very high, given his long 
experience commanding NKSDF troops.  We are pleased to find 
General Ohanian interested and committed on Armenia's 
NATO-related defense reform efforts and Euro-Atlantic ties. 
Having spent his military career in NK -- a no-go area for 
U.S. Embassy and DAO personnel -- Ohanian was a complete 
unknown to us when Serzh Sargsian named him Chief of the 
General Staff in 2007, and then promoted him to be Minister 
of Defense in 2008.  Ohanian is believed to be a friend and 
loyal supporter of President Serzh Sargsian, trusted to run 
the MOD as a good soldier, and to steer clear of politics. 
 
11.  (C) Ohanian is not a Soviet-trained general.  He cut his 
teeth as a bright and effective commander of NK troops during 
Armenia's hot war (1991-94) and then uneasy ceasefire with 
Azerbaijan.  He was a young tank battalion commander at the 
outbreak of that war, and not really the product of the 
Soviet military education system.  His experience was 
practical, and did not leave him in the thrall of the 
Soviet/Russian defense establishment, as was true of his 
predecessor and most other Armenian generals.  Ohanian, 
 
YEREVAN 00000103  003.2 OF 003 
 
 
Kotanjian, Defense Policy Director Col. David Tonoyan, and 
other key reformist rising stars in the Defense Ministry, 
leave us hopeful about the MOD's prospects over time to 
transform itself and move closer to the Euro-Atlantic model 
we hope to see Armenia embrace.  This outcome can be 
accelerated with increased funding resources for English 
language and professional military education for Armenia's 
rising generaton of junior and field-grade officers. 
Armenia's general officer corps, unfortunately, remains 
mostly in the mold of the corrupt, incompetent, and 
Soviet-indoctrinated General Khachaturov, who now serves as 
Chief of the General Staff.  However, this aging cadre of bad 
generals is few in number, and close to retirement.  Coming 
up behind them is a cohort of field-grade officers that 
includes some bright, dynamic, young professionals who may be 
expected to bring a very different approach and set of 
values. 
 
PENNINGTON