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Viewing cable 08NEWDELHI3104, INDIAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM TECHNICALLY

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08NEWDELHI3104 2008-12-10 05:45 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy New Delhi
VZCZCXRO2443
RR RUEHAST RUEHHM RUEHLN RUEHMA RUEHPB RUEHPOD RUEHTM
DE RUEHNE #3104/01 3450545
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 100545Z DEC 08
FM AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 4611
INFO RUEHZN/ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLECTIVE
RUEHCG/AMCONSUL CHENNAI 3969
RUEHNEH/AMCONSUL HYDERABAD 0001
RUEHCI/AMCONSUL KOLKATA 3209
RUEHBI/AMCONSUL MUMBAI 3034
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RUEHRC/DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHDC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHDC
RUEIDN/DNI WASHINGTON DC
RHMFIUU/USPACOM HONOLULU HI
RHMFISS/HQ USSOCOM MACDILL AFB FL
RUGIAAA/NGA NAVY YARD WASHINGTON DC
RUCPDC/NOAA WASHDC
RUCXONI/ONI WASHINGTON DC
RUEHFR/UNESCO PARIS FR
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 NEW DELHI 003104 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR OES/PCI, OES/STC, OES/SAT, OES/EGC, AND SCA/INS 
STATE FOR STAS 
STATE FOR NSF PHILLIP TAYLOR, LARRY WEBER, VANESSA RICHARDSON 
STATE FOR USGS DAVID APPLEGATE, RICHARD CALNAN, WILLIAM LEITH 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KGLB KICR KSCA TPHY EFIS EIND SENV TSPL TNGD IN
SUBJECT:  INDIAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM TECHNICALLY 
PROFICIENT, PROCEDURALLY COMPLEX 
 
REF: UNESCOPARI 07301453 
 
NEW DELHI 00003104  001.2 OF 003 
 
 
1.  SUMMARY: (SBU) In October 2008, SCIOFF and SCIFSN toured the 
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)-affiliated National Institute of 
Ocean Technology (NIOT) facilities in Chennai and the Indian 
National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in 
Hyderabad, and spoke with scientific staff about ocean research and 
monitoring capabilities.  NIOT conducts research and development 
activities and collects data, while INCOIS focuses on the 
compilation, analysis and dissemination of ocean information, 
including tsunami warning.  India's Tsunami Early Warning Center is 
poised to rapidly identify and assess potential tsunamis.  Actually 
warning the public and international community could prove 
problematic, however, as the process requires decisions and actions 
by both central and state government offices, and the pledged 
early-warning website isn't online yet.  On a positive note, NIOT 
and INCOIS data helps fishermen, coral reef watchers, and shipping 
companies make informed decisions on where to focus their efforts. 
END SUMMARY. 
 
IMPRESSIVE REGIONAL TSUNAMI WARNING NETWORK, BUT HOW DO THEY 
COMMUNICATE? 
 
2. (U) India's Tsunami early warning center officially came online 
at INCOIS on 15 October, 2007 and has been operating continuously 
since.  Using data from numerous international sources, the center 
conducts real time monitoring of seismic activity around the world. 
When an ocean-centered earthquake is detected, INCOIS' 24x7 
operations center retrieves from their databases a scenario that 
matches the quake's location and magnitude to estimate likely 
tsunami activity. (NOTE: INCOIS stores numerical models of 
earthquakes of several magnitudes along the two most likely fault 
lines, the Andaman-Sumatra Trench in the Bay of Bengal and the Makra 
Coast in the Arabian Sea, to speed up the process of tsunami 
forecasting.  These models use too much c/mputing power to be 
effectively run in real time, though INCOIS' system allows operators 
to update values using actual data from an event. END NOTE.) 
 
3. (SBU) Based on this model and the initial data, and within 20 
minutes of an event, INCOIS provides the Ministry of Home Affairs 
(MHA) and the MoES a preliminary assessment of a local, regional or 
ocean-wide tsunami by issuing an "All Clear", "Watch", "Alert" or 
"Warning" message.  An updated message, sent within 30 minutes of 
the event, includes tsunami travel times, run-up heights, and 
directivity maps based on data continuously collected from tsunami 
buoys, bottom pressure sensors, and tidal gauges.  According to T. 
Srinivasa Kumar, scientist in charge of the National Tsunami Warning 
Centre, the MHA and MoES then decide whether and how to warn 
impacted Indian states, any international partners through "the 
appropriate bilateral or multilateral treaties", and the general 
public. 
 
4. (SBU) Kumar indicated that a Warning or Alert for a tsunami with 
less than a 60 minute travel time also would be issued directly to 
the public, likely through the same alert system used for cyclones. 
However, he said that INCOIS would not pass the information directly 
and he was unsure how the message would actually be provided to the 
appropriate alert systems.  He further said that the general public 
could sign up on the web to receive tsunami alert notifications via 
e-mail or text message.  However, SCIOFF was unable to track down 
the described link and noted that the webpage in INCOIS' briefing 
that contained tsunami-related information is not available on their 
website, and may be an as-of-yet-unpublished webpage or an 
internal-only link. 
 
5. (U) SCIOFF noted that the tsunami early warning center contained 
modern computer and display equipment, video-teleconference and 
phone connections reported to be linked directly to MHA and MoES, 
and back-up servers and generators to ensure continued operations. 
 
NEW DELHI 00003104  002.2 OF 003 
 
 
During the briefing that took place in the warning center, SCIOFF 
observed the system registering several land-based seismic events 
around the world in what looked like real-time.  Center staff 
appeared to be knowledgeable about both the systems and science, 
they easily answered questions and explained their tsunami event 
analysis processes. 
 
6. (U) INCOIS has generated detailed inundation maps for various 
tsunami heights to identify areas most likely to be effected, and 
made them available to central and state government officials for 
emergency and long-term planning, according to Kumar.  Calculations 
for these maps take into account both natural land features and 
building structures. 
 
7. (U) NIOT is responsible for deployment and management of the 
Indian tsunami warning buoys, and plans to set up a complement of 12 
buoys around the two key fault lines.  It is unclear how 
successfully they will be in this endeavor in the short term.  Of 
the six deployed buoys, the control centers in NIOT showed only one 
to be operational while a week later INCOIS showed three to be 
operational.  NIOT Project Director Dr. V. Rajendran and the buoy 
program staff said that buoys are often vandalized or damaged, 
likely by fishermen whose nets tend to be ripped by the buoys or by 
people looking to steal the solar panels.  These buoys eventually 
wash up on the beach and in one case, Dr. Rajendran indicated that 
all of the instrumentation and communication equipment had been 
entirely removed.  NIOT staff told SCIOFF that they hoped their 
recently-begun campaign to educate fishermen on the importance to 
public safety of maintaining the buoys would cut down on the need to 
replace the expensive systems, and speed up the deployment process. 
 
INCOIS' OTHER OCEAN INFORMATION PUT TO GOOD USE 
 
8. (U) INCOIS conducts modeling to establish ocean forecasts which 
are published on their website and used in several applications, 
such as shipping route determination, oil spill monitoring, and 
potential fishing zone identification.  In one example, INCOIS 
analysts use satellite imagery to identify areas fish are likely to 
be found based on water temperature, chlorophyll concentrations, and 
ocean current modeling.  Three times a week during fishing season, 
the coordinates and maps are circulated to fisherman by fax, e-mail, 
internet, radio, and information kiosks and electric display boards 
at ports.  INCOIS staff provided anecdotal information that those 
fishermen who use the information have a 30-70% reduction in search 
time, resulting in lower operating expenses and a greater net 
profit.  They further claimed that the service does not promote 
over-fishing, because it is aimed at smaller fishermen who spend the 
extra time with their families rather than going on more fishing 
trips. 
 
9. (U) INCOIS monitors coral reef health at four locations along the 
Indian coasts via satellite, and validates findings using 
investigational surveys.  They have used historical satellite 
imagery to follow the progression of reef health in an effort to 
focus conservations efforts, and have made the data and analyses 
available on their web site. 
 
10. (U) INCOIS is also attempting to combine information collected 
from India's ocean monitoring programs with data obtained from other 
international sources to create a one-stop, web-accessible database 
that includes information, dating back to the 1990's, on sea level, 
temperature, salinity, chemical composition, biological composition, 
and meteorological conditions.  Kumar indicated that not all 
available datasets had been incorporated yet, as accurate mapping of 
the disparate data sources into a single database file was taking 
longer than expected. (NOTE: INCOIS scientists told SCIOFF that 
their data had some gaps as they were required to shut down sensors 
during Indian naval exercises and operations. END NOTE.) 
 
 
NEW DELHI 00003104  003.2 OF 003 
 
 
NIOT EXPERIMENTS MOVING FORWARD 
 
11. (U) NIOT pursues research and development, but not production, 
for the MoES, the Indian Navy, the Department of Science and 
Technology and industrial clients, according to Dr. Rajendran. 
Projects highlighted by NIOT staff during the tour include: 
 
-- An unmanned deep-sea mining vehicle that completed its first 
successful deep-water test in October 2008.  Additional adjustments 
would be made by NIOT engineers before its next trial run later this 
year.  (NOTE: It was not clear to SCIOFF whether this vehicle was an 
extension of the remotely-operable vehicle developed jointly, 
beginning in 2006, by NIOT and the Experimental Design Bureau of 
Oceanological Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 
Moscow. END NOTE.) 
 
-- Establishment and successful operation of a low temperature 
thermal desalination plant at Kavaratti Island with a capacity of 
100,000 liters per day.  The design will go into production under 
commercial contract at other islands in the near future. 
 
-- Operation of two research vessels to support buoy operations and 
obtain research data on NIOT projects. 
 
-- Development and construction at NIOT of an acoustic test 
facility, as well as a hyperbaric test facility suitable for 
large-scale equipment. 
 
MULFORD