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Viewing cable 08NEWDELHI2266, INDIA SCENESETTER FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY BOUCHER

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08NEWDELHI2266 2008-08-21 13:27 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy New Delhi
VZCZCXRO5717
OO RUEHBI RUEHCI
DE RUEHNE #2266/01 2341327
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
O 211327Z AUG 08
FM AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 3081
INFO RUEHKT/AMEMBASSY KATHMANDU 1878
RUEHBUL/AMEMBASSY KABUL 4651
RUEHIL/AMEMBASSY ISLAMABAD 5192
RUEHLM/AMEMBASSY COLOMBO 1053
RUEHKA/AMEMBASSY DHAKA 1417
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 5744
RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 6991
RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW 2764
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON 5193
RUEHBI/AMCONSUL MUMBAI 2439
RUEHCI/AMCONSUL KOLKATA 2622
RUEHCG/AMCONSUL CHENNAI 3374
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHDC
RHMFISS/HQ USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL
RHHMUNA/HQ USPACOM HONOLULU HI
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHDC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 06 NEW DELHI 002266 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 08/21/2018 
TAGS: PREL PGOV PTER MASS OREP KSTC KOMC PARMIN PKIR
SUBJECT: INDIA SCENESETTER FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY BOUCHER 
 
Classified By: Charge d'Affaires Steven White for Reasons 1.4 (B, D) 
 
1.  (SBU)  On behalf of Ambassador Mulford, we welcome your 
upcoming visit and offer this snapshot of the bilateral 
relationship.  Coming only days after the Nuclear Suppliers 
Group (NSG) plenary in Vienna, your visit gives us a chance 
to gauge where we stand in the NSG process and discuss next 
steps necessary to reach a Presidential Determination.  You 
will also be able to underline the U.S. interest in pushing 
forward on the full range of bilateral issues.  As you know, 
the unprecedented level of U.S.-India collaboration 
encompasses everything from defense cooperation to 
agriculture and reflects widespread support in both countries 
for widening existing ties and building new ones.  American 
industry's discovery of the opportunities in India have 
reinforced a partnership built on a 2.5 million strong 
Indian-American community.  With plans to double their 
investments in India, Microsoft, Cisco Systems, Intel, and 
others realize that India has the brain power necessary to 
make their firms competitive, especially in the flourishing 
Indian market.  Visa issuances to Indians have skyrocketed. 
India is now the leading non-U.S. destination for National 
Institutes of Health research grants, and the largest 
supplier of foreign students to U.S. universities.  Our 
militaries are moving closer together with increasingly 
sophisticated joint exercises, shared research and 
development, and the potential for important acquisitions 
that could create thousands of American jobs while aligning 
our countries strategically. 
 
2. (SBU)  While Indian officials would be loathe to admit 
publicly that India and the U.S. have begun coordinating 
foreign policies, we are working more closely together than 
we ever have, as exemplified by our parallel efforts to 
assist Afghan reconstruction and to maintain regional 
stability in Nepal.  This cooperation reflects a 
transformation in India.  For many decades, the default 
position was distrust and suspicion, but now we see an India 
that seeks increasingly to further shared interests.  As a 
result, the Prime Minister's government -- more than any 
previous Indian government -- has set out to align itself 
with U.S. policies and practices as the means of emerging as 
a global player.  Nothing better reflects this commitment 
than the Prime Minister's willingness to risk his government 
in the July 22 confidence vote over the civil nuclear 
initiative.  No Indian Prime Minister ever before staked his 
government on a foreign policy issue, much less one that 
involves strengthening ties to the United States.  But 
significant obstacles still stand in the way of achieving 
this broader vision: the Left parties who quit the PM's 
coalition over the nuclear deal will continue to carp from 
the sidelines about the U.S.-India relationship in the run up 
to parliamentary elections.  The United Progressive Alliance 
(UPA) government must manage its own old school skeptics 
while fending off challenges from the opposition Bharatiya 
Janata Party (BJP) and regional parties.  While these 
political twists and turns will no doubt influence the speed 
at which India is prepared to pursue bilateral cooperation, 
the important point is that the Indian parliament (and 
public) were fixated in an unprecedented manner on India's 
relationship with the U.S. for months on end and decided, 
finally, to pursue cooperation. 
 
Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative 
------------------------------------ 
 
3. (C) The Indian government for the most part shares our 
vision of the Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative as an 
essential part of transforming the overall relationship. 
According to the Foreign Ministry, it is India's "priority 
one."  By the time your visit takes place, the NSG will have 
met in plenary session to discuss the India-specific 
exception from NSG guidelines.  India has continued the 
 
NEW DELHI 00002266  002 OF 006 
 
 
lobbying of NSG members that began before the IAEA meeting, 
and Foreign Secretary Menon and Special Envoy Saran have 
departed for Vienna.  While there are public expectations 
that India will obtain an exception, there have also been 
persistent leaks to the press that the GOI could walk away 
from the deal if the nuclear "skeptics" in the NSG are 
successful in imposing conditions which New Delhi views as 
maintaining an unequal relationship indefinitely or that, 
even by implication, condition cooperation on Indian 
acceptance of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty or the 
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.  India is looking for some 
sign from the NSG that India will eventually be treated as an 
equal partner, even if that is not possible yet.  During your 
visit, you will be able to gauge Indian reaction to the NSG 
plenary, review next steps and encourage India to do more 
than the bare minimum on its Presidential Determination 
commitments.  You can expect your interlocutors to ask for 
your candid assessment of the prospects for the deal in 
Congress, given the short amount of time left in the session. 
 
Regional Issues 
--------------- 
 
4.  (C)  Under Prime Minister Singh's leadership, the 
Government of India is emerging as a responsible leader in 
the South Asia region, as well as Asia at large.  India 
hosted a successful visit by President Karzai in early August 
and agreed to chip in a "new" 450 million dollars in 
reconstruction aid for Afghanistan (although some of it is to 
cover cost overruns).  This would be on top of the 750 
million dollars India had already declared.  As you heard 
from Foreign Secretary Menon in Colombo, India encourages 
democracy in the region, but is worried by continuing 
political instability in both Nepal and Bangladesh and by the 
surge in violence in Sri Lanka.  On North Korea, New Delhi 
did the right thing recently by denying clearance to a 
suspicious flight from Pyongyang.  India and China have 
sought warmer relations by engaging in a strategic dialogue 
that separates the contentious border issues from a broader 
engagement. Bilateral trade has been growing at about 40 
percent annually, but India's large trade deficit with China 
has led to worries among Indian businesses.  Musharraf's 
resignation worries them more, even though public statements 
have focused on India's not having a position on Pakistani 
domestic politics.  National Security Advisor M.K. Narayanan 
said even before Musharraf's resignation that India "abhors" 
the political vacuum in Pakistan.  New Delhi does not know 
who's in charge in Pakistan and is worried that extremists 
will take advantage of the situation to launch more 
cross-border attacks.  Anger over the bombing of the Indian 
Embassy in Kabul is still fresh and Indians are convinced 
Inter-Services Intelligence was behind it.  Firing across the 
Line of Control is up this year, heightening India's 
concerns.  Meanwhile, the Composite Dialogue to address 
bilateral issues has stalled as New Delhi waits for an 
interlocutor.  We still diverge with India over tactics 
towards Iran and Burma, although we ostensibly share the same 
goals.  New Delhi was taken aback by Tehran's complaints 
about the U.S.-India nuclear deal at the July Non-Aligned 
Movement meeting. 
 
Domestic Politics 
----------------- 
 
5.  (C)  The election campaign never ends in India because 
there is always an important poll just around the corner. 
The current political season just kicked into high gear as 
national elections and some key state elections are due in 
the next few months.  Every move by the national and regional 
political parties and their leaders is aimed at positioning 
themselves for the election.  The current Congress Party-led 
United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government 
staggers into its final few months bruised and battered by a 
 
NEW DELHI 00002266  003 OF 006 
 
 
series of setbacks in state elections during the last year 
and soaring inflation.  It managed to slow the rot by 
confronting its Left Party allies over the US-India civil 
nuclear deal and winning a key July 22 Parliamentary trust 
vote.  The afterglow of its triumph was short-lived, however, 
as it was followed quickly by a series of terrorist bombings 
and incidents in Gujarat which left the Indian public 
disconcerted.  Renewed violence in Jammu and Kashmir has also 
raised questions about the UPA's ability to manage national 
security issues with a sure hand. 
 
6. (C) The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), in 
contrast, had the wind in its sails after its thumping wins 
in state elections over the last year, but suffered a severe 
setback in July when it was defeated in the Parliamentary 
trust vote.  It is impossible to predict at this time which 
party will emerge on top in the national elections.  But it 
is safe to say that that neither the Congress Party nor the 
BJP is likely to win a majority on its own and either will 
have to forge a coalition with the smaller regional parties 
to form a government.  The smaller parties will continue to 
exert disproportionate influence.  While both the BJP and the 
Congress support a closer US-India relationship, their 
ability to move forward aggressively will be constrained by 
the increasing power of smaller parties which have narrower 
agendas that frequently do not extend to  foreign policy 
issues.  Nevertheless, the nuclear deal and a closer 
strategic relationship with the United States have generated 
an extraordinary public debate in India during the last year. 
 It is unprecedented for a foreign policy issue to so 
dominate the domestic Indian political agenda.  Indians from 
all walks of life were forced to ask themselves whether they 
favor closer ties with us.  We have won this debate hands 
down and, as a result, the US-India relationship has a strong 
foundation of which to grow over the coming decades. 
 
7.  (C)  Aside from the civil nuclear deal, the hottest 
political issue this summer has been the renewed unrest in 
Jammu and Kashmir, which threatens to roll back some of the 
Indian government's hard-won gains in restoring peace and 
normalcy in the state.  It is likely that state assembly 
elections, due in October, will be postponed.  The tourists 
have disappeared and economic activity has slowed.  The 
disturbances began in June when the government first 
transferred 100 acres of public forest land to the Amarnath 
shrine to be used to host pilgrims and then reversed itself 
when protests against the transfer escalated.  Competing 
protests, sometimes violent, erupted both in the valley and 
in Jammu.  The UPA government, which was blind-sided by the 
controversy, has so far shown no signs that it has the skills 
or the imagination to resolve the situation.  The 
separatists, especially the hard-liners among them such as 
Syed Ali Gilani, are the big winners because they have 
reemerged after having been steadily sidelined as peace and 
prosperity began to improve.  The BJP continues to benefit 
from the Hindu backlash to what many perceive as an 
unreasonable Kashmiri Muslim attitude towards the Amarnath 
pilgrimage.  The international community has remained 
restrained in its response to the crisis.  Any public 
statements by U.S. officials on this matter are likely to be 
misinterpreted and will only add further fuel to this fire. 
 
Terrorism 
--------- 
 
8.  (C)  Terrorism and the government's response to it has 
increasingly become a political issue as India continues to 
rank among the world's most terror-afflicted countries.  The 
conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has heated up dramatically in 
the last few weeks, extreme leftist Naxalites and Maoists in 
eastern and central India continue to operate with impunity, 
ethno-linguistic tensions in the northeastern states remain 
at least on simmer, and terrorist strikes nationwide by 
 
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Islamic extremists take lives and disrupt activity across the 
country.  The most recent series of attacks in late July, in 
Ahmedabad and Bangalore, appear to have been designed to 
stoke tensions between Hindus and Muslims.  The police have 
arrested several suspects in these bombings who are allegedly 
connected to the Students' Islamic Movement of India (SIMI). 
Indian officials often point to Pakistan's Internal Services 
Intelligence (ISI) as being behind many attacks.  The extreme 
leftists (Naxalites) and ethno-linguistic separatists are in 
general home-grown insurgents, although there are some signs 
of links to groups in Nepal and Bangladesh.  The opposition 
has already started to make political hay out of the recent 
terrorist attacks, claiming that the Congress-led government 
is weak and ineffectual on terrorism.  Ambassador Dell 
Dailey, the Secretary's Coordinator for Counterterrorism, 
will lead a multi-agency delegation at bilateral 
counterterrorism talks in Delhi on August 25.  We look 
forward to your participation in part of those talks. 
 
Economic Ties 
------------- 
 
9.  (SBU) The U.S.-India economic relationship, for decades 
narrow and circumspect, is gathering steam and now promises 
to be a key driver of our overall bilateral relationship. 
The United States is India's largest trading partner and its 
largest foreign investor.  Two-way trade grew to 42 billion 
dollars last year, its highest level ever, with U.S. exports 
surging 75 percent.  Our publicly stated goal is to double 
bilateral trade by the end of 2008, a goal we are well on the 
way to meeting.  The U.S.-India economic partnership is 
creating increasingly complex economic links which are having 
a profound impact on our respective economic outlooks in the 
21st century.  The Indian economy continues to be the second 
fastest growing economy after China, even as high global 
commodity prices and financial uncertainty are prompting a 
moderation in the expected GDP growth rate to 8 percent this 
year.  India will find it hard to increase or even sustain 
these high growth rates in the medium term unless it 
undertakes a second generation of critical but politically 
difficult reforms.  While the government is led by economists 
who understand what needs to be done, the economic reform 
program was stalled for a long time as the UPA confronted 
strong opposition from the Left, BJP and within the Congress 
party itself.  Since the Left withdrew its support, there has 
been speculation that the government might take another run 
at these reforms, but election concerns may thwart these 
plans in the short run.  As it is, lagging growth in 
agriculture and a weak infrastructure constrain growth. 
Economic liberalization has been slow to come to the 
agricultural sector, which supports more than half of the 
country's population and yet accounts for only 18 percent of 
GDP.  The top Indian economic priorities are infrastructure 
development and spreading economic benefits into rural India. 
 
 
Bilateral Issues -- Opportunities to Build Partnerships 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
10.  (C)  We wanted to highlight two topics in the bilateral 
relationship that merit special focus -- defense and 
agriculture.  On defense cooperation, the U.S. and India have 
conducted a series of joint and service-to-service exercises 
of increasing scope and capability since sanctions were 
lifted in 2001.  Last year saw the first-ever visit by a 
Nuclear Aircraft Carrier to India and India,s largest 
multilateral naval exercise in modern history, MALABAR 07-02. 
 Planning is ongoing for MALABAR 08 this October.  During 
this month alone U.S. Army Special Forces were exercising at 
the Indian Counter-Insurgency Jungle Warfare School in the 
northeastern state of Mizoram while eight Indian Air Force 
SU-30s were taking part in the Red Flag air combat exercises 
at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada.  The Indian government 
 
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has also indicated far more interest in acquiring defense 
items and building an arms relationship with the U.S. 
Defense sales, dormant for over 40 years while India was 
essentially a Soviet client, have just started to take off, 
with a billion dollar deal for six C-130s finalized in 
January as the latest breakthrough.  We're hoping to finalize 
a separate billion dollar deal for P-8 maritime patrol 
aircraft, and both Boeing and Lockheed Martin are competitors 
for the estimated 10 billion dollar combat aircraft bid to be 
decided in 2009.  While there is a real opportunity, India's 
slow-rolling on three key defense agreements -- end use 
monitoring for military systems with sensitive U.S. 
technologies, a logistics support agreement to facilitate 
joint military exercises, and a communications agreement to 
foster interoperability -- is an obstacle to realizing the 
promise of full strategic partnership.  Underlining the 
importance of coming to terms on these issues will help make 
Defense Minister Antony's September 7-10 visit a productive 
one. 
 
11.  (SBU)  On agriculture, with the Agricultural Knowledge 
Initiative (AKI) ending this year following its 2005 launch 
by President Bush and PM Singh, the Indians have told us they 
are eager to continue bilateral cooperation in this sector 
that employs more than two-fifths of all Indians workers, 
most at a subsistence level.  The Indians have responded 
positively to our concept of a four pillar approach -- 
productivity, market efficiency, environmental 
sustainability, and finance/insurance -- that would 
procedurally look similar to our successful Energy Dialogue 
with India.  However, we will not be able to table our 
proposal to India until we can back it up with USG funding. 
The Indians will ask you what is the likelihood of US funding 
for a bilateral agricultural initiative next year. 
 
12.  (SBU) On the other significant bilateral issues we want 
to discuss -- health, counterterrorism, education and energy 
cooperation -- progress has been slow for the reasons you 
know well.  On any bilateral issue we take up with India, the 
wheels of the bureaucracy grind slowly and, at times, our 
interest in moving the relationship forward runs up against a 
lack of capacity in the Indian government to handle all of 
our desiderata as quickly as we would like.  But progress can 
be made, albeit slowly, and work in these areas is critical 
to the relationship because progress in building a 
partnership in these sectors will bring home to the average 
Indian the value and importance of ties with the U.S. 
 
13.  (SBU)  Despite India's growth during the past fifteen 
years, roughly 300 million Indians live on less than a dollar 
a day; 700 million Indians live on less than two dollars a 
day.  An unhealthy population constrains economic growth in 
parts of India; some states in northern India possess health 
indicators on-par with the poorest countries of sub-Saharan 
Africa.  According to most recent estimates, India with 2.5 
million HIV/AIDS cases is the third highest HIV/AIDS infected 
population worldwide, after South Africa and Nigeria. One 
quarter of the world's deaths of children and women in 
childbirth occur in India.  Forty-six percent of children 
under 3 years of age are malnourished.  Poor health 
conditions take an economic toll in various ways, including 
continued expenditures on combating diseases that should have 
been eliminated and decreased labor productivity and human 
capacity.  India's education system is not providing the 
numbers of people with the necessary skills for the modern 
economy because of poor quality primary education and limited 
vocational training. The impact of poor basic education and 
work force development is that sixty percent of children drop 
out before grade 10 and 10 million children are out of 
school. Finally, while India's energy consumption has more 
than doubled over the last quarter century, half of the 
country's population still lacks easy affordable access to 
electricity. India realizes the threats these challenges pose 
 
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to its continued economic progress.  Indian public and 
private sector partners look to U.S. expertise and knowledge, 
including through the U.S. assistance program, to direct 
resources with appropriate policies, strengthened 
institutions and state-of-the-art technologies and expertise. 
 
Management Issues 
----------------- 
 
14.  (SBU)  The rapidly expanding scope of the bilateral 
relationship has put real pressure on our aging mission 
infrastructure.  Requests by other agencies to place more 
personnel at the Embassy to work on developing ties run up 
against space restraints, which will require significant 
resources to fix.  We're also in need of further management 
support positions and consular positions to keep up with 
exploding demand, which is also driven by the rapid 
transformation of the relationship.  While the Mission has 
vast real property in country, the GOI has made it clear that 
absent positive movement on the New York City tax case 
against India, our ability to leverage these resources for 
needed facilities and housing, to include obtaining occupancy 
permits for our new consulate in Mumbai, will be on hold. 
U/S for Management Kennedy and L are deeply engaged on that 
issue. 
 
Your Meetings 
------------- 
 
15.  (SBU)  We have requested official meetings for you in 
New Delhi with Special Envoy Saran, National Security Advisor 
Narayanan, Deputy Planning Director Ahluwaliah, and Joint 
Secretary Kumar.  We are exploring other meetings as well as 
a lunch with commentators and experts focused on the Civil 
Nuclear Initiative.  You will have an excellent opportunity 
to gauge where the Civil Nuclear Initiative is heading after 
the NSG plenary and underline what needs to be done in order 
to bring this to closure.  You will also have the chance to 
touch on broader themes of cooperation, particularly in the 
area of education, that underline the U.S.'s interest in 
building a broad strategic relationship. 
WHITE