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Viewing cable 07CURACAO938, CURACAO: 2007-2008 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRATEGY

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07CURACAO938 2007-11-27 19:04 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Consulate Curacao
VZCZCXRO7105
PP RUEHAO
DE RUEHAO #0938/01 3311904
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P R 271904Z NOV 07
FM AMCONSUL CURACAO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 2085
INFO RUEHTC/AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE 0207
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 0352
RUEHPO/AMEMBASSY PARAMARIBO 0053
RHMFIUU/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHINGTON DC
RUEHAO/AMCONSUL CURACAO 3009
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 CURACAO 000938 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR INL/LP, WHA/CAR - JROSHOLT, KWILLIAMS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: SNAR PREL PGOV KCRM NA AA
SUBJECT: CURACAO: 2007-2008 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRATEGY 
REPORT (INCSR) PART I, DRUGS AND CHEMICAL CONTROL 
 
REF: STATE 136787 
 
I. Summary 
 
1.  Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and the Netherlands 
together form the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The two Caribbean 
parts of the Kingdom have autonomy over their internal affairs, 
with the right to exercise independent decision making in a 
number of counter narcotics areas. The Government of the 
Netherlands (GON) is responsible for the defense and foreign 
affairs of all three parts of the Kingdom and assists the 
Government of Aruba (GOA) and the Government of the Netherlands 
Antilles (GONA) in their efforts to combat narcotics 
trafficking. The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a party to the 
1988 UN Drug Convention, and all three parts are subject to the 
Convention. Both Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles are active 
members of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and Caribbean 
Financial Action Task Force (CFATF). 
 
II. Status of Country 
 
2.  Netherlands Antilles. The islands of the Netherlands 
Antilles (NA) (Curacao and Bonaire off Venezuela and Saba, Saint 
Eustatius, and Sint Maarten east of the U.S. Virgin Islands) 
continue to serve as northbound transshipment points for cocaine 
and increasing amounts of heroin coming from South America; 
chiefly Colombia, Venezuela, and to a much lesser extent, 
Suriname. These shipments typically are transported to U.S. 
territory in the Caribbean by "go-fast" boats although use of 
fishing boats, freighters, and cruise ships are becoming more 
common. Direct transport to Europe, and at times to the U.S., is 
sometimes by "mules" (drug couriers) using commercial flights. 
The DEA and local law enforcement saw continued go-fast boat 
traffic this year with some load sizes reduced because of a 
potential exposure to law enforcement. This shift was attributed 
to successful investigations along with investments by the 
Antilles in border security like the new ground- based radar 
system capable of identifying inbound vessels.  These shipments 
were generally en route to Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin 
Islands, but Sint Maarten continued to hold some measurable 
popularity among couriers as a gateway to Europe. In addition to 
go-fast boat activity and smuggling via commercial airlines, 
large quantities of narcotics continued to be moved through in 
containers. 
 
3.  The Netherlands Antilles is expected be dissolved, and Sint 
Maarten and Curacao are scheduled to attain autonomous country 
status within the Kingdom of the Netherlands (similar to Aruba's 
status) in December of 2008.  Sint Maarten's geographic location 
and its multi-national population make it an ideal transshipment 
point between South America and the United States, for drug and 
human smuggling.  Statistics on significant seizures in 2006 
indicate that Dutch Sint Maarten remains a staging ground for 
moving cocaine and heroin into the U.S. market. Officials in 
Sint Maarten have taken this threat seriously by initiating 
joint U.S. cooperative investigations, as well as adopting new 
law enforcement strategies to combat the problems.  Sailing 
vessels and larger vessels continued to be identified 
infrequently as they were used to clandestinely move 
multi-hundred kilogram shipments of cocaine under the guise of 
recreational maritime traffic.  Drug smugglers have a multitude 
of routes and methods.  The diversity of the methods, coupled 
with inadequate law enforcement controls upon the flow of goods, 
works in favor of criminals.  Dutch Sint Maarten is considered a 
"Free Zone", which means there are limited controls placed on 
import and export of goods.  This situation also applies to 
financial crimes.  The absence of stringent checks into monetary 
flows means that money laundering and proceeds from illegal 
activities are relatively easy to conceal.  Several authorities 
within the GONA cite the lack of personnel with adequate 
training in these areas.  As a result, checks and investigations 
can not be carried out effectively. 
 
4.  In Curacao, the crackdown at Curacao's Hato International 
Airport on "mules"-who either ingest or conceal on their bodies 
illegal drugs-which began in 2002 continued during 2007. 
Historically, most of the courier traffic (current estimate is 
95 percent) has been destined for Europe. Since the inception of 
the "Hato Team" concept of interagency cooperation in 2002, at 
least 13,000 persons have been denied boarding based on 
suspicion of drug trafficking. During 2004, Dutch officials in 
The Netherlands initiated a "100 percent Check" on all 
passengers arriving at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport from the 
Antilles. The Antilles joined in the effort by initiating a 
program during 2004 wherein Antilleans identified attempting to 
carry drugs to Europe automatically lost their passports for a 
period of two years, although this action has been challenged as 
a human rights violation. The previous year saw positive results 
 
CURACAO 00000938  002 OF 005 
 
 
from the intensification of regional law enforcement against 
this endemic problem. During 2007, the Antillean authorities 
continued to report a significant reduction in courier traffic. 
The problem, which originally consisted of the detention of 
between eighty and one hundred couriers a day, was diminished in 
recent years to a steady rate of approximately ten couriers per 
month according to 2007 local court statistics.  These results 
were directly attributed to aggressive law enforcement tactics 
employed by Antillean authorities, in conjunction with their 
Dutch partners, that led to significant seizures and the 
dismantling of responsible organizations coupled with innovative 
legislative tactics like passport removal. 
 
5.  Consistent with the continued smuggling ventures, arrests 
were frequent in 2007. Curacao's prison remains at capacity and 
management problems there persist. Aware of this problem, the 
GONA, with the assistance of their Dutch partners, has 
undertaken efforts to reduce the prison population by pre-trial 
diversion of non-violent offenders and by constructing new jail 
space with Dutch financial assistance. 
 
6.  The crime and homelessness stemming from drug abuse remained 
important concerns for the GONA. During 2007, reporting 
continued to indicate even further reductions in drug related 
homicides to below levels prior to the 2002 spike. This was 
attributed to successful regional enforcement operations and 
legislative action. The GONA continued its policy of requiring 
visas of Colombians and several other countries.   The GONA's 
"Zero Tolerance" teams, whose primary mission is to identify 
illegal immigrants to the islands and deport them, remained 
active during 2007. 
 
7.  Elected officials and all elements of the law enforcement 
and judicial community recognize that the NA, chiefly due to 
geography, face a serious threat from drug trafficking. The 
police, who are understaffed and need additional training, have 
received some additional resources, including various support 
and training by the Netherlands and the United States including 
recent training regarding money laundering investigations.  The 
rigorous legal standards that must be met to prosecute cases 
constrain the effectiveness of the police; nevertheless, local 
police made progress in 2006 and 2007 in initiating complex, 
sensitive cases targeting upper-echelon traffickers.  These 
efforts demonstrated the effectiveness of cooperation with other 
law enforcement entities in the region.  In 2007, the level of 
Dutch Police presence remained consistent. 
 
8.  The far-reaching restructuring of the police, started in 
2000, continues to show results. During 2007, the newly 
appointed Police Chief in conjunction with the Minister of 
Justice made a concentrated effort to improve Criminal 
Intelligence by creating a new Operational Intelligence Unit 
within the Curacao Police Corps.  These improvements were formed 
through money grants from the Netherlands and partnerships with 
U.S. law enforcement; specifically the Drug Enforcement 
Administration. This specialized Intel Unit has made a favorable 
impact on the Police Department and has improved investigative 
effectiveness.   In 2007, as in previous years, the priority 
was, and continues to be, improving the expertise of the 
financial investigation team. Successful joint Antillean/Dutch 
investigations conducted by the Hit and Run Money Laundering 
Team (HARM) have become commonplace during 2007. 
 
9.  The specialized Dutch police units (RSTs) that support law 
enforcement in the NA continued to be effective in 2007 and to 
include local officers in the development of investigative 
strategies to ensure exchange of expertise and information. 
During the year, the RST improved their place in the regional 
scheme of enforcement as a viable international partner for law 
enforcement matters.  During 2007, RST efforts culminated in 
several successful operations. The RST Curacao had its biggest 
success in a joint international money laundering operation 
named "Operation Kings Cross" which focused on illegal 
activities within the Curacao Free Zone.  This operation 
resulted in the seizure of $120,000.00 in Euros and $130,000.00 
in US Currency and the arrest of the principal target in the 
investigation.  In another joint RST investigation named 
"Operation Pick Pocket" results included the seizure of 542 
kilograms of cocaine; 10 kilograms of heroin; and the arrest of 
61 defendants. 
 
10.  The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Coast Guard (CGNAA) 
scored a number of successes in 2007. The CGNAA was responsible 
for several seizures of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. As an 
example of their continued success and ability to be forward 
leaning with law enforcement initiatives, during October 2007, 
the CGNAA, in coordination with the RST Curacao seized 
 
CURACAO 00000938  003 OF 005 
 
 
approximately 35 kilograms and a go-fast vessel. Seizures like 
this by the CGNAA have become commonplace and highlight the 
CGNAA's desire to be a regional player in law- enforcement 
endeavors. The CGNAA's three cutters, outfitted with rigid-hull 
inflatable boats (RHIBs) and new `super' RHIBs designed 
especially for counter narcotics work in the Caribbean, 
demonstrated their utility against "go-fast" boats and other 
targets. 
 
11.  The CGNAA has developed an effective counter narcotics 
intelligence service and is considered by the U.S. Coast Guard 
and DEA to be an invaluable international law enforcement 
partner. Authorities in both the NA and Aruba are intent on 
ensuring that there is a proper balance between the CGNAA's 
international obligation to stop narcotics trafficking through 
the islands, and its local responsibility to stop narcotics 
entry into the islands. Under the continued leadership of the 
Attorney General, the GONA continued to strengthen its 
cooperation with U.S. law enforcement authorities throughout 
2007. This cooperation extended to Sint Maarten, where the 
United States and the GONA continued joint efforts against 
international organized crime and drug trafficking. 
 
12.  The regular Dutch Navy also operates in the Netherlands 
Antilles under the auspices of Component Task Group 4.4 (CTG 
4.4) which operates in international waters under the oversight 
of the Joint Inter Agency Task Force (JIATF) South. Over the 
past two years, particularly during 2006 and 2007, the CTG 4.4 
has become a close and essential ally of the DEA and other U.S. 
agencies. Their continual efforts to thwart drugs trafficking 
from the region have been noted at the highest levels of the DEA 
and U.S. government. Several notable seizures occurred during 
2007. The most impressive effort was the tracking of a maritime 
vessel from Colombia past the ABC Islands to Puerto Rico which 
ultimately culminated with the seizure of approximately 153 
kilograms of heroin. 
 
13.  In addition to these improvements in law enforcement, the 
GONA demonstrated its commitment to the counter narcotics effort 
by continued support for a U.S. Forward Operating Location (FOL) 
at the Curacao Hato International Airport. Under a ten-year use 
agreement signed in March 2000 and ratified in October 2001 by 
the Dutch Parliament, U.S. military aircraft conduct counter 
narcotics detection and monitoring flights over both the source 
and transit zones from commercial ramp space provided free of 
charge. A major expansion project at the airport that began in 
January 2002 and completed during September 2003 significantly 
increased the FOL's capacity. 
 
14.  Aruba. Aruba is a transshipment point for increasing 
quantities of heroin, and to a lesser extent cocaine, moving 
north, mainly from Colombia, to the U.S. and secondarily to 
Europe. Drugs move north via cruise ships and the multiple daily 
flights to the U.S. and Europe. The island attracts drug 
traffickers with its good infrastructure, excellent flight 
connections, and relatively light sentences for drug-related 
crimes served in prisons with relatively good living conditions. 
This problem is affected by continued successes in Curacao 
during 2006-2007, which necessitated a change in route on the 
part of the traffickers in the region. 
 
15.  While Aruba enjoys a low crime rate, crime reporting during 
2007 indicates that prominent drug traffickers are established 
on the island. Drug abuse in Aruba, including among tourists, 
remains a cause for concern.  Cruise lines that visit Aruba have 
instituted strict boarding/search policies for employees in 
order to thwart efforts of the traffickers to establish regular 
courier routes back to the United States. The expanding use of 
MDMA in clubs by young people attracts increasing attention. 
Private foundations on the island work on drug education and 
prevention and the Aruba government's top counter narcotics 
official actively reaches out to U.S. sources for materials to 
use in prevention programs. The police also work in demand 
reduction programs for the schools and visit them regularly. The 
Government has established an interagency commission to develop 
plans and programs to discourage youth from trafficking between 
the Netherlands and the U.S. The Government has been very clear 
that it intends to pursue a dynamic counter narcotics strategy 
in close cooperation with its regional and international 
partners. 
 
16.  In 2007, Aruba law enforcement officials continued to 
investigate and prosecute mid-level drug traffickers who supply 
drugs to "mules." During 2007, there were several instances 
where Aruba authorities cooperated with U.S. authorities to 
realize U.S. prosecutions of American citizens arrested in Aruba 
while attempting to return to the United States with drugs in 
 
CURACAO 00000938  004 OF 005 
 
 
multi-kilogram quantities. Aruba also devotes substantial time 
and effort to the identification of the person's responsible for 
the importation of drugs to Aruba. 
 
17.  The GOA hosts the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) 
Bureau of Customs and Border Protection pre-inspection and 
pre-clearance personnel at Reina Beatrix airport. These officers 
occupy facilities financed and built by the GOA. DHS seizures of 
cocaine and heroin were frequent in 2007. Drug smugglers 
arrested are either prosecuted in Aruba or returned to the U.S. 
for prosecution. Aruba jails remain critically overcrowded. The 
GOA established special cells in which to detain those suspected 
of ingesting drugs. Aruba officials regularly explore ways to 
capitalize on the presence of the FOL and pre-clearance 
personnel, seeking to use resident U.S. law enforcement 
expertise to improve local law enforcement capabilities.  Aruba 
also continued to participate in the Coast Guard of the 
Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. 
 
III. Country Actions Against Drugs in 2007 
 
18.  Agreements and Treaties. The Netherlands extended the 1988 
UN Drug Convention to the NA and Aruba in March 1999, with the 
reservation that its obligations under certain provisions would 
only be applicable in so far as they were in accordance with NA 
and Aruba criminal legislation and policy on criminal matters. 
The NA and Aruba subsequently enacted revised, uniform 
legislation to resolve a lack of uniformity between the asset 
forfeiture laws of the NA and Aruba. The obligations of the 
Netherlands as a party to the 1961 UN Single Convention on 
Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, apply to the NA 
and Aruba. The obligations of the Netherlands under the 1971 UN 
Convention on Psychotropic Substances have applied to the NA 
since March 10, 1999. The Netherlands's Mutual Legal Assistance 
Treaty (MLAT) with the United States applies to the NA and 
Aruba. Both Aruba and the NA routinely honor requests made under 
the MLAT and cooperate extensively with the United States on law 
enforcement matters at less formal levels. 
 
19.  Cultivation/Production. Cultivation and production of 
illicit drugs are not issues. 
 
20.  Seizures. Available drug seizure statistics for calendar 
year 2007 as of October 31, 2007 are as follows: 
Aruba seized 390 kilograms of cocaine and 13 kilograms of 
heroin. 
The Netherlands Antilles seized 638 kilograms of cocaine and 10 
kilograms of heroin. 
 
21.  Corruption. The effect of official corruption on the 
production, transportation, and processing of illegal drugs is 
not an issue for Aruba. During 2007, the NA continued an 
aggressive and notably successful program to identify certain 
links from prominent traffickers in the region to law 
enforcement officials, which prompted additional investigation 
in the region. The NA has been quick to address these issues 
through criminal investigations, internal investigations, new 
hiring practices, and continued monitoring of law enforcement 
officials that hold sensitive positions. To prevent such public 
corruption, there is a judiciary that enjoys a well-deserved 
reputation for integrity. It has close ties with the Dutch legal 
system including extensive seconding of Dutch prosecutors and 
judges to fill positions for which there are no qualified 
candidates among the small Antillean and Aruban populations. 
 
22.  Domestic Programs (Demand Reduction). Both the NA and Aruba 
have ongoing demand reduction programs, but need additional 
resources. In 2007, the Curacao Police Corps in conjunction with 
D.A.R.E. opened a new D.A.R.E. facility in Willemstad, Curacao 
to aid in Demand Reduction activities for the youth of Curacao. 
 
IV. U.S. Policy Initiatives and Programs 
 
23.  The United States encourages Aruba and NA law enforcement 
officials to participate in INL-funded regional training courses 
provided by U.S. agencies at the GOA and GONA's expense. Chiefly 
through the DEA and DHS/Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the 
United States is able to provide assistance to enhance technical 
capabilities as well as some targeted training. The U.S. 
continues to search for ways in which locally assigned U.S. law 
enforcement personnel can share their expertise with host 
country counterparts. 
 
24.  Appreciation of the importance of intelligence to effective 
law enforcement has grown in the Dutch Caribbean. The USG is 
expanding intelligence sharing with GOA and GONA officials as 
they realize the mutual benefits that result from such sharing. 
 
CURACAO 00000938  005 OF 005 
 
 
Because U.S.-provided intelligence must meet the strict 
requirements of local law, sharing of intelligence and law 
enforcement information requires ongoing, extensive liaison work 
to bridge the difference between U.S. and Dutch-based law. 
DUNNTJ