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Viewing cable 07BOGOTA8091, MONTES DE MARIA: MILITARY-CIVILIAN COOPERATION

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07BOGOTA8091 2007-11-15 21:29 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Bogota
VZCZCXYZ0000
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHBO #8091/01 3192129
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 152129Z NOV 07
FM AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0124
INFO RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 9545
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ NOV LIMA 5635
RUEHZP/AMEMBASSY PANAMA 0825
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 6291
RHMFISS/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
C O N F I D E N T I A L BOGOTA 008091 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/07/2017 
TAGS: PMARR PGOV PREL PTER PHUM CO
SUBJECT: MONTES DE MARIA: MILITARY-CIVILIAN COOPERATION 
HITS THE FARC 
 
REF: A. BOGOTA 311 
 
     B. BOGOTA 6460 
     C. BOGOTA 7453 
 
Classified By: Political Counselor John S. Creamer 
Reasons: 1.4 (b) and (d) 
 
------- 
Summary 
------- 
 
1. (C) On October 24, the military attacked the FARC 37th 
Front, killing its commander alias "Martin Caballero." 
Caballero was the second front commander on the GOC's "most 
wanted" list to be killed by the military since September. 
The Caballero operation capped a year of joint military and 
law enforcement efforts in the Montes de Maria region of 
northern Colombia, pushing back FARC and other criminal 
groups which have long terrorized the area.  Local commanders 
said local residents' active cooperation -- the product of 
improved security, respect for human rights, greater state 
presence, and economic development initiatives -- was key to 
military success.  Still, they said the region's future 
prospects would depend on continued GOC efforts to deliver 
public services and promote economic progress -- what 
commanders called "the best long-term tools against against 
terrorism."  End Summary. 
 
---------------------------- 
Death of a Terrorist Leader 
---------------------------- 
 
2. (U)  On October 24, the Colombian military successfully 
struck the FARC's 37th Front, killing its commander Gustavo 
Rueda, aka "Martin Caballero."  A 25-year FARC veteran, 
Caballero was acting head of the Caribbean Bloc.  During 
Caballero's 16 years in command, the 37th Front terrorized 
inhabitants of the Montes de Maria (Sucre/Bolivar), engaging 
in assassinations, kidnapping, and extortion.  The Front also 
killed scores of military and police, and laid extensive mine 
fields.  Caballero's death weakens the FARC on the Carribean 
Coast, where he had also absorbed command of the FARC's 35th 
Front.  Caballero was wanted in the United States for the 
kidnapping of three U.S. citizens.  He also plotted to kill 
President Clinton on a 2000 visit to Cartagena, and was 
responsible for the kidnapping of Foreign Minister Fernando 
Araujo.  A January 1 assault on Caballero's camp by Marines 
and Special Forces enabled Araujo to flee (ref A). 
 
3. (C)  The Caballero mission was a high priority for 
President Uribe, and local Marine officer LTC Zea told us the 
president called almost every week to push for progress.  In 
early 2007, the Marines received support from the newly 
formed Joint Decisive Action Force (FUCAD) -- three Army 
mobile brigades with dedicated Air Force assets for close air 
support.  The operation that killed Caballero combined 
Special Forces ground fire, Air Force aerial attacks with 
Super Tucanos, and a land assault by the Marines and FUCAD. 
With Caballero's death, the GOC has killed three front 
commanders so far in 2007 (refs B, C).  The Joint Special 
Operations Command (JOEC), which is responsible for high 
value targets (HVTs), had listed Caballero as one of its 
thirteen "most wanted." 
 
--------------------------------------------- ----------------- 
Military-Law Enforcement Collaboration Produces Security Gains 
--------------------------------------------- ----------------- 
 
4. (C)  Law enforcement agencies also played a key role in 
undermining the FARC and other terrorist groups in the region 
and in laying the groundwork for the Caballero operation. 
The National Police arrested FARC militia members, generated 
intelligence, and helped ensure prompt investigations of 
human rights allegations.  Police and Prosecutor General 
(Fiscalia) personnel were integrated with the military in 
combat operations, allowing for quick investigation of combat 
deaths.  Sharp drops in FARC activity reflect these 
successes.  In 2007, there has been one FARC roadblock 
compared with 32 in 2001, one kidnapping as opposed to 49 in 
2002, and 11 homicides versus 67 in 2001.  The Marines 
estimate the 37th Front has fallen from 248 to 104 fighters 
this year while the 35th Front dropped from 157 fighters to 
131.  Local ELN fronts have experienced a similar decline, 
going from an estimated 66 members to 17.  The 49-member 
 
Popular Revolutionary Army demobilized completely in 2007. 
 
-------------------------------------- 
Winning with Human Rights and Security 
-------------------------------------- 
 
5. (U)  The Navy and Marines in the Montes region told us the 
local population was their main ally in the war against the 
FARC.  Local residents were sick of FARC crimes, especially 
their indiscriminate use of landmines.  Still, respect for 
human rights, establishment of effective civilian 
institutions, and economic development were key to winning 
active popular support.  Local commanders demonstrated their 
situational-based human rights training, with a dedicated 
training ground, that all troops must receive prior to combat 
deployment.  Training includes instructions on respecting 
civilian and prisoner rights, as well as procedures for 
working with the Fiscalia to investigate combat deaths. 
Commanders said local residents were natural allies if 
treated with respect. 
 
6. (U)  LTC Zea said the region's long-term prospects will 
depend on economic development.  Commenting on the region's 
agricultural potential, he noted that "the region is rich, 
but terrorism has kept it poor."  The improved local security 
situation has created an opportunity for new investment and 
economic activity.  Zea said civilian institutions, such as 
Accion Integral and the interagency Centro de Coordinacion de 
Accion Integral (CCAI), are starting programs to expand state 
presence and foster development -- "the best long-term tools 
to beat terrorists." 
Brownfield