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Viewing cable 07GUADALAJARA347, ANOTHER BORDER PROBLEM: JALISCO AND COLIMA SPAR OVER

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07GUADALAJARA347 2007-07-12 16:31 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Consulate Guadalajara
VZCZCXRO0931
PP RUEHCD RUEHHO RUEHMC RUEHNG RUEHNL RUEHRD RUEHRS RUEHTM
DE RUEHGD #0347/01 1931631
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 121631Z JUL 07
FM AMCONSUL GUADALAJARA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0290
INFO RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO PRIORITY 1524
RUEHXC/ALL US CONSULATES IN MEXICO COLLECTIVE
RUEHGD/AMCONSUL GUADALAJARA 4317
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 GUADALAJARA 000347 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV EINV SOCI MX
SUBJECT: ANOTHER BORDER PROBLEM:  JALISCO AND COLIMA SPAR OVER 
DISPUTED BOUNDARY 
 
 
GUADALAJAR 00000347  001.2 OF 002 
 
 
1.  Summary:  Boundary issues are not solely confined to 
Mexico's international frontiers.  A long-running land dispute 
between Colima and Jalisco has heated up in recent months, with 
both sides making sharp declarations and dispatching extra 
police forces to their common border.  The Mexican Army has now 
been deployed to the disputed zone.  While the possibility of 
violent conflict is remote, the tense situation is diverting 
attention and resources from other pressing issues, and 
complicating the ability of leaders in Colima and Jalisco to 
cooperate on projects for the good of both states.  End Summary. 
 
-------------------------------- 
A Long-Standing Dispute 
-------------------------------- 
2.  The border between the states of Colima and Jalisco has been 
the subject of arguments and claims since the end of the 
colonial period, periodically surfacing as an issue and then 
fading away again depending on local circumstances.  At its 
heart is a dispute over "ejidal" (communal) land known as "El 
Rebalse" which straddles the current state boundary between the 
municipalities of Cihuatlan (Jalisco) and Manzanillo (Colima's 
second largest city and most important port).  The Mayor of 
Cihuatlan and other local officials insist that all of the 
communal lands should be reunified as part of Jalisco - a stance 
supported by many of the ejido residents but vehemently rejected 
by Colima.  At its greatest extent, the disputed land (407 
square kilometers) amounts to nearly nine percent of Colima's 
territory, including the Manzanillo Airport, an important iron 
mine, and valuable land along the Pacific Coast. 
 
3.  A number of attempts have been made to settle the dispute by 
judicial or legislative action.  Jalisco's leaders have 
generally been confident of the legal merits of their case, and 
sought a Supreme Court decision in the mid-1980s only to see the 
effort blocked by then-President Miguel De La Madrid 
(coincidentally a native of Colima).  Another attempt in 1997 
also failed to produce a decision. Colima officials have tended 
to prefer a resolution by the Mexican Senate, where they believe 
they could have a fairer hearing.  Neither avenue has so far 
yielded results. 
 
------------------------------ 
The Mouse That Roared 
------------------------------ 
4.  In the late Spring of 2007, Colima's Governor Jesus Cavazos 
(PRI) became concerned about growing "interference" by Cihuatlan 
authorities on his side of the boundary.  In a declaration that 
even a member of his own cabinet called "very strident" Cavazos 
stated that he would not tolerate the situation and dispatched 
additional state police forces to the area to ensure that 
Colima's authority was respected.  Coming from the leader of one 
of Mexico's smallest states in both area and population, 
Cavazos' words and actions generated a media splash in 
Guadalajara and raised tensions in the disputed zone. 
Cihuatlan's mayor responded that his people would block roads 
and carry out other protests in defense of their "rights." 
 
---------------------- 
Jalisco Uber Alles? 
---------------------- 
5.  Colima's citizens and leaders are particularly galled by 
what they see as their much larger neighbor's attempt to cow 
them into giving up more territory.  In conversation, some 
recall the size and grandeur of the indigenous Colima empire, 
conquered by the Spanish in the 16th Century.  From that moment 
onward, Colima's size and importance declined while that of 
Jalisco grew.  The pride (or arrogance, depending on one's 
residence) of Colima's northern neighbor also complicates 
matters.  In a recent meeting, Colima's Minister of Tourism 
Sergio Bravo reminded the CG of a common local expression, 
"Jalisco Siempre Gana" (Jalisco Always Wins) noting that Jalisco 
residents did not confine it solely to sporting events.  For 
that reason, he added, Governor Cavazos had to take a very tough 
stand on the boundary dispute to demonstrate that Colima would 
not be trifled with.  In fairness, Jalisco also nurses some 
historical territorial grievances; in addition to Colima, all of 
Nayarit and parts of Aguascalientes, Michoacan, and Zacatecas 
were carved out of the colonial province that later became 
Jalisco. 
 
6.  Ego and pride are not the only factors at play here. 
Powerful economic interests are also involved.  Manzanillo is 
pivotal for the economic growth of Colima, and the city's 
coastal areas have seen some significant resort development. 
Valuable iron deposits are also located in the zone.  The 
adjoining Jalisco coast is less developed but is beginning to 
attract more attention from domestic and international investors. 
 
---------------------- 
A Bridge Too Far 
---------------------- 
 
GUADALAJAR 00000347  002.2 OF 002 
 
 
7.  Jalisco's leaders responded to Cavazos' actions very mildly 
at first, with Lt. Governor Fernando Guzman declaring in March 
that any boundary problems could be resolved through dialogue. 
He informed the CG in April that Jalisco would prepare another 
legal case for submission to the Supreme Court, and he was 
confident his state would prevail.  But as his attempts to 
broker talks between the two sparring municipalities failed (a 
bi-state cooperation commission was stillborn after Cihuatlan's 
leaders rejected it, and a series of meetings with the Lt. 
Governor of Colima led nowhere), Jalisco's attitude stiffened. 
In early June, Colima police arrested nine Jalisco residents 
working on a bridge in the disputed zone and held them for 
several days.  This action prompted Governor Emilio Gonzalez 
(PAN) to deploy additional police units to the area to safeguard 
Jalisco's interests. Guzman told the CG in late June that the 
situation was "very worrisome" and no solution was in sight.  A 
number of additional incidents between the opposing parties have 
since occurred, so far without any major injuries. 
 
------------------------ 
In Comes the Army: 
------------------------ 
8.  The latest development in the continuing boundary saga was 
the July 7th announcement by Federal Secretary of the Interior 
Francisco Ramirez Acuna that Army troops would be deployed 
immediately in the disputed area to help maintain order.  Both 
state governors agreed to the plan, but Colima residents could 
not help noting that Ramirez Acuna is a former governor of 
Jalisco.  The Deputy Secretary of the Interior is now attempting 
to broker an accord between the two states.  It also appears 
that the boundary problem will once again be referred to the 
Senate, with little prospect of a quick resolution. 
 
--------------------------------------------- - 
Comment:  A Problem Nobody Needs 
--------------------------------------------- - 
9.  Neither Governor desired a border conflict at this 
particular moment, but neither can afford politically to back 
down for fear of being branded a modern-day "Santa Ana" (the 
Mexican President who lost Texas and the Southwest to the United 
States).  But Colima and Jalisco need each other; Manzanillo is 
Guadalajara's gateway to the Pacific, and the road and rail 
links between the two states desperately need additional 
investment if western Mexico is to maintain and increase its 
competitiveness in the global economy.  Jalisco residents flock 
to Colima's beaches for recreation (they are actually closer to 
Guadalajara than those around Puerto Vallarta) while many Colima 
citizens travel to Guadalajara for higher education, shopping, 
or business.  Certainly both states have better uses for the 
police officers now deployed on the border, where their ability 
to combat narco traffickers, or even common criminals, is very 
limited. 
 
10.  Leaders of both states recognize their symbiotic dependence 
on each other.  The real danger is that hotheads at the local 
level could provoke an incident that would further harden 
positions. In truth, it is the local residents that have the 
most to lose from the conflict; while the standoff continues, 
private investment in the area will be hindered, and neither 
state is able or willing to fund public works in the disputed 
zone.  In the end, it may be this realization, rather than the 
cops, soldiers, lawyers, or politicians, that convinces the two 
municipalities to come together and reach an agreement for the 
good of both.  Post will continue to monitor the situation and 
report developments. 
RAMOTOWSKI