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Viewing cable 07TOKYO1681, S) JAPAN SEEKS ASSURANCES ON EXTENDED DETERRENCE

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07TOKYO1681 2007-04-18 02:21 2011-08-30 01:44 SECRET//NOFORN Embassy Tokyo
VZCZCXYZ0000
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHKO #1681/01 1080221
ZNY SSSSS ZZH
O 180221Z APR 07
FM AMEMBASSY TOKYO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 2722
INFO RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
RHEHAAA/NSC WASHDC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RUEKJCS/CJCS WASHINGTON DC
RUALSFJ/COMUSJAPAN YOKOTA AB JA
RHHMUNA/HQ USPACOM HONOLULU HI
S E C R E T TOKYO 001681 
 
SIPDIS 
 
NOFORN 
SIPDIS 
 
OSD/APSA FOR LAWLESS/HILL; COMUSJAPAN FOR J00/J01/J5 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/12/2022 
TAGS: PREL MARR PGOV PNUC JA
SUBJECT: (S) JAPAN SEEKS ASSURANCES ON EXTENDED DETERRENCE 
 
Classified By: Ambassador J. Thomas Schieffer, Reasons: 1.4 (B/D) 
 
1. (S/NF) Summary: During April 11-12 meetings with visiting 
P/DASD (Asia Pacific) Jim Shinn, Japanese officials asked the 
USG to publicly and privately reiterate its commitment to 
defend Japan, including with nuclear weapons.  Ministry of 
Defense (MOD) Vice Minister Takemasa Moriya said that DPRK 
nuclear and missile tests have given the Japanese public a 
sense of real threat for the first time.  Moriya attributed 
Japanese questions about the U.S. nuclear umbrella to unease 
with the direction of U.S. North Korea policy.  MOFA and MOD 
officials praised Secretary Rice's October reassurances that 
the U.S. would respond with all means available should Japan 
be attacked.  Nevertheless, they expressed frustration that 
this message has not been repeated in other channels. 
Japanese officials asked the U.S. to use the upcoming Summit 
meeting and bilateral military planning activities to 
reinforce the U.S. commitment.  Chief Cabinet Secretary 
Yasuhisa Shiozaki acknowledged Japan's concerns about being 
left isolated in the Six-Party Talks process, but said that 
the general public has not made a connection with extended 
deterrence.  End Summary. 
 
Seeking Affirmation 
------------------- 
 
2. (S/NF) Concerns over the validity of the U.S. nuclear 
umbrella were raised separately by MOD Vice Minister Moriya 
and senior working level MOFA and MOD officials during April 
11-12 meetings with visiting P/DASD Jim Shinn.  MOD Defense 
Policy Deputy Director General (DDG) Hironori Kanazawa and 
MOFA North American Affairs DDG Kazuyoshi Umemoto delivered a 
formal, and specific, request for U.S. action to Shinn on the 
margins of the April 11 Defense Policy Review Initiative 
(DPRI) Principals meeting. 
 
3. (S/NF) Kanazawa said that in the wake of DPRK nuclear and 
missile test activities in 2006, the Japanese public is 
uneasy over how firm the U.S. commitment actually is. 
Kanazawa praised Secretary Rice's public affirmation on the 
U.S. nuclear umbrella in the immediate wake of the October, 
2006 nuclear test.  He expressed disappointment, however, 
that this message has not been repeated since that time, 
especially by U.S. military officials.  While Japan does not 
require "details" on U.S. operational decisionmaking, 
Kanazawa said that Tokyo does expect policy-level officials 
to regularly acknowledge the U.S. willingness to employ its 
nuclear forces in Japan's defense.  MOFA DDG Umemoto 
interjected that policy-level reassurances should be 
accompanied by closer consultations at the policy and 
operational levels. 
 
4. (S/NF) Kanazawa emphasized that the Japanese government 
seeks to maintain its current military force structure, but 
asserted that this posture can only be sustained if Japan can 
count on firm commitments from the U.S. on extended 
deterrence.  He added that "loose talk" from politicians 
notwithstanding, Japan has no intention to pursue an 
indigenous conventional or nuclear strike capability. 
 
A Growing Gap: In Perception or Interests? 
------------------------------------------ 
 
5. (S/NF) In a separate meeting with P/DASD Shinn, MOD 
Administrative Vice Minister Moriya asserted that the 
Japanese public for the first time sees North Korea's nuclear 
and missile programs as a direct threat to Japan's national 
security and existence.  The only way to address these fears, 
he continued, is to convince the public that the U.S. will 
defend Japan effectively.  Moriya urged the U.S. to use both 
public venues, including the upcoming Summit meeting, and 
bilateral operational planning activities to convey 
"concrete" commitments to defend Japan against 
non-conventional threats.  As an example, Moriya suggested 
that the U.S. specify Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) assets, 
such as PAC-3 battalions and Aegis vessels, to be deployed to 
Japan in a crisis. 
 
6. (S/NF) Moriya stated that Japanese unease about extended 
deterrence is linked to concerns over an apparent gap in 
priorities and perceptions regarding North Korea.  U.S. 
gestures to showcase the strength of the alliance following 
the October, 2006 DPRK nuclear test greatly reassured the 
Japanese public, Moriya added.  However, many in Japan were 
confused over the subsequent U.S. decision to "lift 
sanctions" on Pyongyang. 
 
7. (S/NF) Moriya suggested that it was a change in the U.S. 
attitude, not Pyongyang's, that has facilitated progress in 
the Six-Party Talks.  Moriya said that it appears to many in 
Japan that the sudden willingness to accommodate Pyongyang is 
related to the burden of military operations in Iraq.  Moriya 
referred several times to recent testimony by Joint Chiefs of 
Staff Chairman Gen. Pace suggesting that deployments to Iraq 
have limited U.S. options to respond to provocations from 
North Korea. 
 
Historical Parallels: Fmr. DefMin Nukaga's Views 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
 
8. (S/NF) Former Defense Minister Fukushiro Nukaga told 
P/DASD Shinn that calls last autumn by senior ruling party 
leaders for a debate on possessing nuclear weapons were a 
predictable outcome of the DPRK nuclear test.  Nukaga said 
that the U.S. should not be overly concerned about Japan's 
questions about nuclear use policy.  Extended deterrence is 
obviously a fundamental aspect of the alliance and it is 
natural for Japan to seek clarity on U.S. intentions.  While 
Japan is looking at new security roles for itself, Nukaga 
emphasized that obtaining nuclear weapons would undermine 
Tokyo's own security interests. 
 
9. (S/NF) Nevertheless, Nukaga said that recent events have 
increased interest in developing independent defense 
capabilities.  Nukaga drew a parallel between the current 
situation and 1964, when he asserted that then-Prime Minister 
Eisaksu Sato informed the U.S. Ambassador of Japan's 
intention to go nuclear in response to China's first nuclear 
test.  At the time, Nukaga said that the U.S. government 
urged Japan not to exercise the nuclear option and instead 
invest in helping the U.S. win the space race with the Soviet 
Union.  Ultimately, the U.S. offered Japan access to rocket 
technologies in exchange for dropping its nuclear plans. 
Nukaga added, however, that the episode led Japan to embark 
on its own indigenous rocket fuel development program and 
spurred action on other bilateral issues, including Okinawa 
reversion. 
 
Shiozaki: Public Worried about 6PT, Not Extended Deterrence 
--------------------------------------------- -------------- 
 
10. (S/NF) In a separate meeting with P/DASD Shinn, Chief 
Cabinet Secretary Yasuhisa Shiozaki underscored the Japanese 
government's deep unease about the direction of the current 
Six-Party Talks and risk that Japan could be left exposed. 
However, he said that so far at least, notions of extended 
nuclear deterrence do not seem to have been grasped by the 
general public.  Shiozaki himself did not explicitly connect 
extended deterrence with North Korea strategy. 
SCHIEFFER