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Viewing cable 07KYIV764, UKRAINE: AN AD HOC ISRAEL POLICY -- BALANCING

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07KYIV764 2007-04-02 03:34 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Kyiv
VZCZCXRO1246
PP RUEHDBU
DE RUEHKV #0764/01 0920334
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
P 020334Z APR 07
FM AMEMBASSY KYIV
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1768
INFO RUCNCIS/CIS COLLECTIVE
RUEHZG/NATO EU COLLECTIVE
RUEHTV/AMEMBASSY TEL AVIV 0026
RUEHJM/AMCONSUL JERUSALEM 0005
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 KYIV 000764 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 03/29/2017 
TAGS: PREL PGOV IS UP
SUBJECT: UKRAINE: AN AD HOC ISRAEL POLICY -- BALANCING 
ECONOMIC INTERESTS AND HISTORICAL TIES 
 
REF: A. 2006 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 
     B. 06 KYIV 4431 
     C. 06 KYIV 4106 
     D. 06 KIEV 3694 
 
Classified By: Political Counselor Kent Logsdon for reasons 1.4(b,d) 
 
1. (C) Summary:  Israel is home to a half million Ukrainian 
immigrants and the two countries had $372 million in 
bilateral trade in 2006.  Despite Ukraine's remaining Jewish 
population and the large diaspora in Israel, Ukraine's 
relations with the Jewish State were characterized as "ad 
hoc" by several of our interlocutors.  Afraid to disrupt its 
trade with the Arab world, Ukraine has followed a policy the 
Israeli DCM described as within the bounds of the EU but 
closer to that of France.  Ukraine is still a member on the 
UN Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the 
Palestinian People, despite abstaining on the most recent 
vote to abolish it and an Israeli request for Ukraine to 
withdraw.  The January 2007 visit of opposition leader and 
former PM Yuliya Tymoshenko to Israel underscores the 
importance of the political relationship between Ukraine and 
Israel.  President Yushchenko's 2006 trip to Israel appears 
to have been canceled because of the ongoing controversy over 
the anti-Semitic rhetoric disseminated by the Interregional 
Academy of Personnel Management (MAUP); however it is 
possible that the trip may be rescheduled for the latter half 
of 2007.  End summary. 
 
Ukrainian Jews' Importance in both Ukraine and Israel, 
--------------------------------------------- --------- 
 
2. (U) The tragic history of Ukraine's Jewish population is 
an important backdrop to any analysis of relations between 
Israel and Ukraine.  Ukraine, as part of the Pale of 
Settlement, has long had a substantial Jewish population and 
is the birthplace of many important developments in Jewish 
religious tradition.  The grave of one of the founders of the 
Hassidic movement, Rebbe Nachman, is located in the Ukrainian 
town of Uman and is an important site of pilgrimage (ref D). 
At the end of the nineteenth century it is estimated that 43 
percent of the over 5 million Jews in the Russian Empire 
lived in Ukraine.  In addition to restrictions on their place 
of residence, Jewish enrollment at higher educational 
institutions was regulated by quota and Jews were barred from 
owning land in many areas.  Ukraine's large and oppressed 
Jewish population was a significant source of immigrants to 
Palestine (and later Israel), including many who would shape 
the destiny of the Jewish State.  Former Israeli Prime 
Minister Golda Meir was a native of Kyiv who immigrated to 
the U.S. as a child before settling in Palestine as a young 
adult, while the founder of the Igurn, a precursor to the 
Likud Party, Vladimir Jabotinsky, was born in Odesa. 
 
3. (U) Although legal discrimination against Jews was largely 
dismantled at the time of the Russian Revolution, and several 
early leaders of the Bolshevik regime, including Leon 
Trotsky, were Ukrainians of Jewish heritage, Jews faced 
continuing discrimination, vestiges of which persist in 
Ukrainian society (ref A), and emigration restrictions. 
Despite these restrictions and immigration controls imposed 
by the British Mandate authorities, thousands of Jews from 
Ukraine managed to move to Palestine prior to the Second 
World War.  After the ravages of the war and the Holocaust, 
immigration to Israel waxed and waned during periods of 
Soviet repression or thaw.  When the last impediments to 
emigration were removed in the 1980's, the bulk of Ukraine's 
Jewish population departed -- many for Israel.  According to 
the head of the Association of Jewish Organizations and 
Communities in Ukraine, Joseph Zissels, at least 500,000 
Israeli citizens were born in Ukraine. 
 
4. (U) Zissels noted that there are 90,000 Ukrainians who 
identified themselves as Jewish during the last census in 
1989, while approximately 170,000 were born to a Jewish 
mother and 370,000 are eligible to immigrate to Israel 
because of their heritage.  Zissels notes that the Ukrainian 
Jewish population is now elderly and dwindling, with the 
death rate five times greater than the birth rate.  Zissels 
estimates that 2,000 Ukrainians immigrate to Israel annually 
while 1,300 return, but he anticipates that the population 
flow between the two countries will reach equilibrium in 2 or 
3 years.  Although less than one percent of Ukraine's 
population are Jewish, Jews still play a significant role in 
Ukrainian society.  Five percent of Rada members and several 
'oligarchs' are Jewish. 
 
And Significant Trade and Business Ties... 
------------------------------------------ 
 
KYIV 00000764  002 OF 002 
 
 
 
5. (C) According to the Global Trade Atlas Israel was the 
37th largest importer to Ukraine in 2006, sending about $90 
million worth of goods and services and was the 35th largest 
export destination for Ukraine, receiving about $282 million 
worth of goods and services.  Israeli Embassy DCM Shahar 
Arieli said Israel imports fertilizer and plastic products 
from Ukraine, usually on the basis of separate deals.  Arieli 
noted that there are 15 Israeli companies that operate in 
Ukraine, mostly in the communications, IT, and pharmaceutical 
sectors, and remarked that several are headed by former 
Ukrainians.  Zissels opined that several Ukrainians who 
immigrated to Israel have returned to pursue business 
opportunities as the economy here restructures.  Arieli said 
plans for cooperation in the defense sector are "stuck" 
because the deals require Russian permission, which has not 
been forthcoming.  Arieli said about one thousand Israelis 
live in Ukraine.  Both Arieli and MFA Israel Desk Officer 
Oleh Lypsky noted that there are ongoing bilateral 
negotiations over a free trade agreement. 
 
Are Not Reflected in Ukrainian Policy Towards Israel 
--------------------------------------------- ------- 
 
6. (C) While Arieli speculated that Yuliya Tymoshenko visited 
Israel partially due to the presence of the large Ukrainian 
diaspora there, he noted the Jewish population in Ukraine and 
the diaspora in Israel have not had much influence on 
Ukrainian policy towards Israel.  This policy was within the 
bounds of EU member states, but closer to that of France. 
Arieli opined that Ukraine did not have a well thought-out 
strategy towards the Middle East.  Instead, ties to Israel 
conflict with Ukraine's substantial trade with several Arab 
states and the potential that the Middle East could be an 
alternative supplier of energy resources.  Kyiv-based 
Institute for Middle East Studies Director Alexander 
Bogomolov characterized Ukraine's policy as "ad hoc." 
Zissels remarked that most MFA officials are "Soviet school" 
and "disposed toward the Arab world." 
 
7. (C) Both Zissels and Arieli cited the presence of Ukraine 
on the UN Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights 
of the Palestinian People as an example of a misguided policy 
and unnecessary source of irritation.  Ukraine's presence on 
the Committee is a legacy from the Soviet period that, 
according to Arieli, gives the body legitimacy.  The head of 
the MFA's UN Directorate Andriy Beshta told us that Ukraine 
had not agreed to an Israeli request to withdraw because it 
would not help Israel and complicate Ukraine's relationship 
with Arab countries.  Despite continuing its presence on the 
Committee, Ukraine abstained on the most recent vote to 
abolish it (ref C). 
 
8. (U) Bogomolov and Zissels lamented that the political 
process in Ukraine does not provide a channel for public 
sentiment to be reflected in government policy as it does the 
U.S.  Zissels is hopeful that Ukrainian policy towards Israel 
will change as Ukraine moves closer to the West and noted 
that the Jewish Ukrainian oligarchs could theoretically play 
a significant role in shaping policy toward Israel, but they 
have thus far shown little inclination to do so. 
 
Yushchenko Visit Derailed by MAUP Controversy 
--------------------------------------------- 
 
9. (C) Lypsky noted that political consultations occur 
semi-annually at the level of Deputy Minister, but last 
year's planned visit to Israel by Yushchenko was canceled due 
to "objective circumstances."  Arieli said that he had read 
press reports claiming that the Yushchenko visit was called 
off because of fears that Yushchenko would have to face 
difficult questions about the anti-Semitic rhetoric 
disseminated by MAUP and Ukraine's perceived weak response 
(ref C).  Arieli commented that he "did not disagree" with 
this assessment.  Lypsky said that there are plans for 
Yushchenko to visit in the latter half of 2007 but it was 
unclear if the MAUP controversy would be resolved by then. 
 
10. (U) Visit Embassy Kyiv's classified website: 
www.state.sgov.gov/p/eur/kiev. 
Taylor