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Viewing cable 06NAHA227, SURVEY OF PAST OKINAWAN POLLS SHOWS INCREASING ACCEPTANCE

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06NAHA227 2006-10-16 08:40 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Consulate Naha
VZCZCXRO9939
RR RUEHFK RUEHKSO RUEHNH
DE RUEHNH #0227/01 2890840
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 160840Z OCT 06
FM AMCONSUL NAHA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0630
INFO RHMFISS/18WG CP KADENA AB JA
RHMFISS/CDR USPACOM HONOLULU HI
RUSFNSG/CDR10THASG TORII STATION JA
RHMFISS/CG FIRST MAW
RUHBABA/CG III MEF CAMP COURTNEY JA
RUHBANB/CG MCB CAMP BUTLER JA
RUHBABA/CG THIRD MARDIV CAMP COURTNEY JA
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RHMFISS/COMFLEACT OKINAWA JA
RHMFISS/COMMARCORBASESJAPAN CAMP BUTLER JA
RHMFISS/COMMARFORPAC
RHOVVKG/COMSEVENTHFLT
RUHBVMA/CTF 76
RHEFDHP/DIA DHP-1 WASHINGTON DC
RUYLBAH/DODSPECREP OKINAWA JA
RUESOK/FBIS OKINAWA JA
RUEHFK/AMCONSUL FUKUOKA 0200
RHHJJAA/JICPAC HONOLULU HI
RHHMBRA/JICPAC PEARL HARBOR HI
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHDC
RHMFISS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC
RUEHNH/AMCONSUL NAHA 0680
RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC
RHMFISS/NAVCRIMINVSERVRA OKINAWA JA
RHEHAAA/NSC WASHINGTON DC
RUHBANB/OKINAWA AREA FLD OFC US FORCES JAPAN CAMP BUTLER JA
RUEHOK/AMCONSUL OSAKA KOBE 0274
RUEHKSO/AMCONSUL SAPPORO 0236
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHINGTON DC
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 0064
RUEHIN/AIT TAIPEI 0012
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 0629
RUALBCC/YOKOTA AB HQ USFJ
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 03 NAHA 000227 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL:  10/16/2031 
TAGS: JA PREL MARR
SUBJECT: SURVEY OF PAST OKINAWAN POLLS SHOWS INCREASING ACCEPTANCE 
OF US BASES 
 
 
CLASSIFIED BY: Carmela A. Conroy, Deputy Consul General, 
American Consulate General Naha, DOS. 
REASON: 1.4 (b), (d) 
 
 
 
1. (C) Summary. In the upcoming November 19 gubernatorial 
election, the reformist camp, led by candidate Keiko ITOKAZU,has 
made opposing the relocation of Marine Corp Air Station (MCAS) 
Futenma within Okinawa and pushing for withdrawal of US bases 
from the prefecture its primary focus for the election. However, 
a survey of past Okinawan public opinion polls conducted from 
1972 to 2006 by the Japanese Cabinet Office, Ryukyu University, 
Ryukyu Shimpo, Okinawa Times, the Asahi Shimbun, and NHK reveals 
a Okinawan public increasingly accepting of US bases in the 
prefecture.  The polls also show a growing level of comfort with 
Japanese Self-Defense Force (JSDF) bases in Okinawa and 
improvement in Okinawa-mainland Japan relations. Still, 
differences between Okinawans and mainland Japanese remain, and 
many Okinawans still perceive themselves as being non-Japanese. 
A small few even advocate Okinawan independence from mainland 
Japan. But the past polls suggest that no matter who may become 
the next governor of Okinawa, the Okinawan public may be more 
receptive to messages explaining the strategic importance of the 
US-Japan Security Treaty and US bases in Okinawa than the 
Okinawan media and politicians suggest. We will be reporting 
septel on the upcoming election prospects, and expect to see 
more recent polling in that regard. In the meantime, to help put 
the upcoming election in context; following is a review of past 
polling trends.  End Summary. 
 
Perceptions of the US-Japan Security Treaty and US Bases in 
Okinawa 
 
2. (U) Polls show that while US bases in Okinawa remain a top 
issue for Okinawans, the issue's prominence does not mean that 
most Okinawans are anti-US-Japan Security Treaty or even anti-US 
bases.  When the Asahi Shimbun asked Okinawans in 1997 what they 
thought of when they heard the word "Okinawa," 44 percentage 
said "bases."  However, in the same poll most respondents, 57 
percent, said they supported the US-Japan Security Treaty and 37 
percent saw the US military presence in Japan as necessary for 
regional stability.  In fact, polling suggests that a third of 
the Okinawan public may be strongly conservative. In a 2006 
Ryukyu Shimpo poll, 31 percent of respondents said that US 
military transformation would be a plus for Okinawa, and over a 
quarter supported the USG-GOJ plan to build the V-shaped Marine 
Corp Air Station (MCAS) Futenma replacement facility (FRF) at 
Camp Schwab. 
 
3. (U) While the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) and the 
Socialist Democratic Party (SDP) call for the immediate closure 
of all US bases, polls indicate that the majority of Okinawans 
do not want them immediately closed, and increasingly accept the 
presence of US bases. According to NHK polling, those calling 
for the immediate closure of US bases fell to 20 percent in 
2002, the lowest level in 20 years. Also, Japanese Cabinet 
surveys from 1985-2001 showed the percentage of respondents who 
 
NAHA 00000227  002 OF 003 
 
 
said US bases in Okinawa were necessary or unavoidable for 
Japanese security reasons increased from 34 percent in 1985 to 
46 percent in 2001.  The number of respondents expressing 
understanding exceeded those who said US bases were unnecessary 
or added to Japan's danger, 44 percent, for the first time in 16 
years.  NHK polling echoed the same trend, with support for US 
bases rising from 26 percent in 1972 to 47 percent in 2002. 
Further, Asahi Shimbun polls in 2002 and 2005 noted that over 60 
percent of Okinawan respondents felt that US bases were 
important to Okinawa's economy.  Only six percent of respondents 
in the 2005 poll said the bases did not help Okinawa's economy 
in any way. 
 
Perceptions of the JSDF and World War II 
 
4. (C) Some reformist contacts have told us that Okinawans fear 
the Japanese Self Defense Forces (JSDF) even more than they do 
the US military because of the many atrocities by the Japanese 
Imperial Army during World War II. However, polling indicates 
the opposite.  Okinawan support for Japanese Self-Defense 
Force(JSDF) bases on island continues to be very high. According 
to Japanese Cabinet polling, Okinawans felt JSDF bases in 
Okinawa were necessary or unavoidable rose from 55 percent in 
1985 to 70 percent in 2001, with almost a quarter in 2001 saying 
JSDF bases were necessary.  NHK polling from 1975 to 2002 
similarly showed those believing in the necessity of JSDF bases 
in Okinawa rising from 48 percent to 67 percent. 
 
5. (C) A surprising trend, however, is that Okinawans' 
"memories" of the war seem to be growing, even as the numbers of 
those who actually experienced the war dwindle.  NHK's 1977 poll 
found 64 percent of respondents said that they could not forget 
the war, but by 2002, 81 percent responded so.  38 percent of 
respondents in 1982 said that they had direct experiences with 
the war, but only 27 percent of respondents in 2002 had.  A 2006 
Ryukyu Shimpo poll echoed this point when it broke down 
non-support for relocating MCAS Futenma to Camp Schwab by age. 
According to the poll, while non-support was high among all age 
groups, twenty year olds and those over sixty were the highest 
levels of non-support, both over 70 percent. 
 
Okinawans Perceptions of Mainland Japanese: 
 
6. (U) Okinawans feel themselves distinct from mainland 
Japanese, which may aid those who couch US military 
transformation as part of an ongoing campaign by mainland Japan 
to discriminate against Okinawa.  A 1973 NHK poll, the year 
following Okinawan reversion to Japanese civilian government, 
showed only 21 percent of Okinawans felt mainlanders understood 
them.  That number gradually increased until 1987, peaking at 45 
percent.  Subsequent NHK surveys showed a downward trend, with 
just 35 percent in 2002 saying mainlanders understood Okinawans. 
Okinawans believe this misunderstanding is mutual.  In NHK 
polls, those who said they understood mainland Japanese fell 
from a high of 50 percent in 1987 to 37 percent in 2002. 
 
7. (U) In fact, many Okinawans do not think of themselves as 
primarily Japanese.   Ryukyu University polls in 1996 and 2005 
 
NAHA 00000227  003 OF 003 
 
 
showed over 40 percent of Okinawans considered themselves 
"Okinawan." About a third, 31 percent in 1996 and 37 percent in 
2001, said they considered themselves Okinawan-Japanese, while 
only 12 and 21 percent, respectively, considered themselves 
Japanese.  NHK polls showed similar results, with respondents 
who had a strong image of being Japanese falling from a high of 
29 percent in 1987 to 18 percent in 2002.  A small number of 
Okinawans even want to be independent from Japan. A 2005 Ryukyu 
University poll showed that 25 percent of respondents thought 
that Okinawa should declare its independence from Japan, with 20 
percent thinking so even if Japan did not recognize Okinawa's 
independence. 
 
8. (U) However, Cabinet polls show that Okinawans feel that 
relations with mainland Japanese have improved since reversion. 
In 1975, 53 percent of Okinawans were skeptical that mainland 
Japan and Okinawa could really become one. But by 2001, 73 
percent of Okinawan respondents felt mainland Japanese 
understanding of Okinawans had improved since reversion.  Also 
in 1994, 83 percent of Okinawans were positive about reverting 
to Japan, up from 69 percent in 1985. 
 
9. (C) Comment: Public perceptions in Okinawa of the bases, and 
of relations with mainland Japan, remain complex and it is 
difficult to divide Okinawans simply into anti-base and pro-base 
camps.  We expect to see updated polling on Okinawan perceptions 
as the upcoming gubernatorial election approaches.  Our initial 
assessment is that the election may turn more on image than 
policy, which does not bode well for the conservative candidate. 
 End Comment. 
CONROY