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Viewing cable 06DAKAR2115, ILLEGAL MIGRATION FROM SENEGAL: THE "TITANIC"

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06DAKAR2115 2006-09-01 17:45 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Dakar
VZCZCXRO3482
PP RUEHPA
DE RUEHDK #2115/01 2441745
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
P 011745Z SEP 06
FM AMEMBASSY DAKAR
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6187
INFO RUEHZK/ECOWAS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RUEHMD/AMEMBASSY MADRID PRIORITY 0124
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 DAKAR 002115 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR INR/I, DRL/AE, G/TIP, AF/RSA AND AF/W 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 08/28/2011 
TAGS: PINR PHUM SMIG SOCI ECON PREL KCRM CV SP SG
SUBJECT: ILLEGAL MIGRATION FROM SENEGAL: THE "TITANIC" 
DISAPPEARS BUT MORE AND LARGER BOATS CARRYING WEST AFRICANS 
REACH SPAIN'S SHORES (C-TN6-01135) 
 
REF: A. STATE 127504 
 
     B. DAKAR 01588 
     C. DAKAR 01516 
 
Classified By: DCM Robert P. Jackson for reasons 1.4 (b) and (d). 
 
SUMMARY 
------- 
1.  (C) The supposedly U.S.-bound "Titanic" and its alleged 
twin (Ref B) have disappeared.  According to the "Titanic's" 
builder, it was financed by a Lebanese businessman, (living 
near Soumbediounne Market (a large artisanal and fish 
market)) in Dakar, while a Spanish national had commissioned 
ten smaller pirogues from him.  According to the builder and 
to media reports, the police were aware that the "Titanic" 
and other boats were being made to order specifically for the 
journey to the U.S. or the Canary Islands.  After the burst 
of police activity following initial widespread media 
coverage of the "boat people," the police stopped making 
inquiries of boat builders and made significantly fewer 
arrests of those organizing and attempting the voyage. 
Meanwhile, Senegalese have become bolder -- now often leaving 
in the middle of the day and, by some reports, bribing the 
police and authorities to look the other way.  Spain is 
feeling the strain and has reached an agreement to start 
conducting joint patrols with Senegal, but there is still no 
end in sight.  END SUMMARY. 
 
THE "TITANIC" IS GONE 
--------------------- 
2.  (C) A surprise visit to the site in Rufisque where the 
"Titanic" was previously reported to have been in the midst 
of construction revealed the boat is now gone.  The head 
builder at the site unhesitatingly told us the "Titanic," a 
24-meter pirogue (fishing boat) was financed by a Lebanese 
person living or operating near Soumbediounne Fish Market in 
Dakar.  The boat was built for 8-10 million CFA francs (CFAF) 
(USD 16-20 thousand).  According to the builder, it is one of 
the strongest pirogues built to date and could "easily" make 
it to the United States.  Nevertheless, after local media 
reports brought unwanted attention, the financier sold it. 
The buyer in turn resold the boat to yet another person, who, 
according to the builder, moved it to one of the nearby towns 
of Thiaroye or Yarah to remove it from the public eye.  We 
visited both places in search of the boat, as well as nearby 
Bargny in search of the "Titanic's" alleged twin, but could 
find either. 
 
3.  (C) The builder revealed that a Spanish national paid for 
construction of ten smaller pirogues, saying he "wanted to 
help out the fishermen."  Many of those pirogues were still 
at the site.  The builder said police were aware of 
construction of these boats and the "Titanic" but did not ask 
about or attempt to stop construction.  He said police are 
often paid off by those organizing trips to the Canary 
Islands, and that police have taken the initiative to ask for 
bribes.  He cited a recent incident in which police stopped a 
pirogue with 17 men departing from a location just up the 
beach around 3:30 PM one afternoon.  The police asked for 
money to let the pirogue go, but the passengers refused and 
were subsequently arrested. 
 
4.  (C) Although the "Titanic" and its twin have apparently 
disappeared, large pirogues approaching "Titanic's" size were 
visible.  One boat on the builder's lot measured 21 meters by 
4 meters.  There were 20 or so others parked along the area's 
coastlines.  A young man who had previously attempted the 
trip to the Canary Islands told us the pirogue he was on with 
91 other people was longer than 21 meters. 
 
A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE SECURITY FORCES 
---------------------------------------- 
5.  (C) In a visit to the Police Commissariat of Rufisque, 
the Commissioner said he had data on the illegal migration 
phenomenon but would not be able to share it with us or talk 
about such a "sensitive" subject without direct authorization 
from the Interior Ministry.  He did confirm that the 
"Titanic" had left but said the Commissariat's "zone" 
(referring to the Rufisque area) was under surveillance. 
Interestingly, while waiting to see the Commissioner, we 
witnessed one visitor slip a bribe to an officer to help the 
visitor obtain a document for his daughter's visa to an 
unspecified country.  Within ten minutes, a second person 
entered the waiting area and also offered a bribe, but the 
officer looked at us, then waved the individual away. 
 
6.  (C) We got a different perspective from a visit to the 
Rufisque Gendarme Station.  Upon entering the station, we saw 
 
DAKAR 00002115  002 OF 004 
 
 
gendarmes interrogating someone accused of organizing trips 
to the Canary Islands.  One officer told us they were going 
to use the organizer to try to catch whoever was ultimately 
running the operations.  The officer said gendarmes were 
working with police to do everything possible to stop young 
people from leaving.  The gendarmes know people are buying 
boats in Rufisque for the voyage but believe they are not 
going to try to reach U.S. shores.  Everyone is aware U.S. 
immigration laws are too stringent.  Moreover, according to 
him, Europeans are "complicit."  Noting a labor shortage in 
Spain and Portugal, he told us he had heard reports that when 
Senegalese make it to the Canary Islands, trucks almost 
immediately arrive to take them to work on farms. 
 
7.  (C) Despite attempts to stop pirogues from leaving, the 
gendarme said there is no solution to the problem.  For one 
thing, security forces get no cooperation from local people. 
"Life here is difficult," he added.  "Life in Europe is 
better.  There is no work here."  Pointing to some street 
vendors just in front of the station, he described their life 
as working all day and night to earn no more than 1,000 CFAF 
(USD 2) each day.  He said maybe the young should leave.  If 
given the chance, he, himself, would leave.  He said his boss 
wants to go, too. 
 
LOOKING FOR AN ESCAPE, FOR FISH, FOR OPPORTUNITY 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
8.  (C) The gendarme's view is bolstered by talking with 
young people who either tried to make the trip and failed or 
still have hopes of going.  Amadou Diallo, a 29-year old 
street vendor, told us he decided to leave because conditions 
are tough.  He was on a pirogue with nearly 100 other 
passengers that departed from Thiaroye (near Rufisque), until 
the pirogue developed a fuel problem and began to drift. 
They drifted for 16 days.  Eleven people died, mainly due to 
cold and lack of food.  Some on board were so afraid they 
jumped overboard and disappeared.  He saved his earnings for 
one year to be able to pay the 400,000 CFAF (USD 800) fee for 
the trip.  In spite of the incredibly difficult conditions of 
the crossing, he said he would do so again if he got more 
money. 
 
9.  (C) Diallo and other veterans of the Canary Island trip 
are beginning to open up and reveal an additional reason why 
they wanted to go.  Within the Senegalese family unit and 
society, children are viewed alternatively as a drain on or 
source of money.  A local psychologist told us this is 
reflected in the large numbers of child beggars on the 
streets of Dakar, who are offered up by impoverished parents 
to Koranic teachers who may exploit them for begging.  Diallo 
and others told us they were, in part, seeking to escape 
pressures put on them by their families, who constantly ask 
for money. 
 
10.  (C) Ali Maron, one of the "boat people" repatriated from 
the Canary Islands, said there is also the problem that young 
people have nothing to do and no way to make a living wage. 
He, too, asserted he would try the trip again and confided a 
few passengers from his boat were planning to leave the night 
we spoke with him.  He said some people in Morocco and 
Mauritania were helping to organize the trips, and some are 
planning to attempt the crossing to the U.S. in spite of 
worries about turbulent seas. 
 
11.  (C) It is not difficult to find someone who has 
experienced the illicit trip to Spain.  People are now 
nonchalant about it.  The first person we met on the fishing 
wharf of Rufisque told us he was captain of the pirogue made 
infamous by media reports of cannibalism on board (Ref A). 
He confirmed that people began to eat the deceased.  He also 
said you could hear "babies crying" at night.  This drove 
four people crazy.  Four others jumped overboard.  Unlike 
most of the other young men we spoke with, he said he would 
not make the trip again.  However, he talked about the major 
problems fishermen face now.  Not only are there fewer fish, 
there are fewer men to catch the fish.  Fishing vessels now 
have only half the men needed, because the rest have fled to 
Spain via the Canaries for the most part. 
 
LYING FOR THE MONEY AND STEALING FOR THE JOURNEY 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
12.  (U) The potential profits from organizing these trips 
interact crudely with the desperation exhibited by those 
wanting to go on them.  There are a growing number of stories 
of would-be migrants put on boats in southern areas of 
Senegal and brought to scenic Saint Louis, where they are let 
off and told they are in Europe. 
 
 
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13.  (U) On August 21, four young men in the Casamance, the 
region from which a growing number of migrants are departing, 
were arrested after robbing some businesses of 12 million 
CFAF (USD 24,000) and then using the money to pay the costs 
of the voyage to Spain.  Local media also noted a rash of 
cattle thefts in the Casamance throughout the month of August 
and speculated it may be linked to the recent rise in illicit 
departures from the region. 
 
SPAIN QUICKLY REACTS TO FLOOD OF NEW ARRIVALS 
--------------------------------------------- 
14.  (SBU) One month after a major international conference 
in Rabat to try to jointly fight illegal migration, local 
media report, a flood of new arrivals jolted the Canary 
Islands.  By August 17, almost 3,000 immigrants came. 
Between August 18 and 20, 1,151 illegal migrants reached the 
Islands.  This pushed the number of arrivals since the 
beginning of the year past 18,000, far exceeding the total 
for 2005.  Those reaching the Islands over that weekend came 
in what one local paper described as "sophisticated" boats 
measuring 30 meters long.  Authorities reported finding GPS 
devices on board, giving a location where passengers are 
transferred from small pirogues to larger vessels and where 
they are given fuel, food and water.  The large number of new 
arrivals in significantly larger vessels inspired Spain to 
send its Interior Minister to meet with Senegalese officials 
in August. 
 
15.  (C) Spanish Embassy representatives told us Spain hoped 
to apply the model agreement it had in place with Mauritania, 
but they describe coordination with GOS authorities as 
"frustrating."  To begin with, there is confusion over the 
two levels of assistance being offered to Senegal.  The EU 
has provided use of two airplanes and a boat (to be operated 
by EU nationals) via its Frontex program, which will last 
nine weeks (though with the possibility of extension). 
Separately, Spain has provided a helicopter and smaller 
equipment, such as bicycles, beach-combers, and night-vision 
goggles, which the GOS demanded as a condition to accepting 
the Frontex material.  Spain also plans to provide three 
additional patrol boats.  In return, Senegal agreed to 
conduct joint patrols of the open waters, which should begin 
within the next two weeks.  They are still not sure how these 
patrols will work or what they will do with any boats 
intercepted on the way out of Senegalese waters.  The Spanish 
Embassy also brought up the additional problem of 
repatriations, as they have not yet succeeded in reaching a 
repatriation agreement with the Senegalese. 
 
16.  (C) Spanish diplomats admit they know that Spain cannot 
stop all migrants, and say they are just looking for a way to 
control the phenomenon and also to ensure that migration 
(legal or otherwise) occurs in humane conditions.  They are 
increasingly concerned about the growing numbers of people 
leaving from neighboring countries, such as The Gambia and 
Guinea-Bissau.  They believe those boats leaving from Senegal 
are largely "improvised."  They fear, however, that Senegal's 
neighbors carry the potential for widespread criminal 
organization of such trips. 
 
17.  (C) Our Spanish Embassy interlocutors expressed hope for 
the coming weeks but noted the GOS has offered no viable 
solution to its own domestic problems.  Although Spain has 
offered to contribute 100 billion CFAF (USD 200 million) to 
President Wade's "Return to Agriculture" (REVA) Project, 
meant to encourage young people to take up agriculture rather 
than the trip to Europe, Spanish Embassy representatives know 
Senegalese youth view REVA as a joke.  The Spanish were 
surprised when a Spanish company came two weeks ago to offer 
to set up a bio-diesel fuel facility, guaranteed to create 
50,000 jobs, but was rejected.  The GOS told the company 
Senegal was "tired of being exploited" and "treated like a 
slave."  The contract went to Mozambique, instead. 
Furthermore, Spain and Senegal had a joint project in place 
to install refrigerated storage units for fish, something 
many fishermen say is sorely needed.  The project has been on 
hold for one and one-half years because the GOS has not yet 
arranged electricity for the site of the units. 
 
COMMENT 
------- 
18.  (C) There is a general and powerful sentiment among the 
poorest Senegalese that their future is hopeless and they are 
powerless to change that.  Former "boat people," factory 
workers, and even some government workers say they no longer 
believe in Senegal.  Even those who refuse to make such a 
sweeping statement tell us the GOS response to this crisis is 
ineffective.  Many view illegal migration as "win-win" 
 
DAKAR 00002115  004 OF 004 
 
 
situation for both those risking the perilous voyage and the 
GOS.  It gives those on the boats a sense of hope and control 
over their destiny, while also serving as a way for the GOS 
to shed the country of thousands of unsatisfied people to 
whom it can give no work.  In a politically precarious time, 
the GOS probably sees this as an ideal solution.  If neither 
the Senegalese nor the Government are interested in stopping 
the "boat people," Spain's optimism for the coming weeks may 
quickly dissipate.  END COMMENT. 
JACOBS