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Viewing cable 06BUDAPEST711, HUNGARY'S ELECTIONS: THE ROMA (C-RE6-00145)

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06BUDAPEST711 2006-04-06 18:52 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Budapest
VZCZCXRO4766
RR RUEHAG RUEHDF RUEHIK RUEHLZ
DE RUEHUP #0711/01 0961852
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 061852Z APR 06
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 8953
INFO RUCNMEM/EU MEMBER STATES
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 BUDAPEST 000711 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARTMENT FOR EUR/NCE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KDEM PGOV PHUM SOCI HU
SUBJECT: HUNGARY'S ELECTIONS: THE ROMA (C-RE6-00145) 
 
REF: STATE 22644 
 
------- 
Summary 
------- 
 
1.  (U) There are an estimated 600-800 thousand Roma in 
Hungary, yet most Hungarians do not view them as a viable 
political force. Disagreements among national leaders, social 
marginalization and poverty, "tribal" differences, and a 
tendency to focus on short-term, local issues, have resulted 
in the Roma not establishing strong affiliations with any 
particular party. The new Roma Unity Party (RUP), however, 
has managed to field twenty-nine individual mandate 
candidates in the April 9/23 general elections, and to 
qualify for representation on the regional and national 
lists; a first for a Roma party. Still, observers doubt that 
the RUP will receive even the one percent of the vote 
necessary to qualify for funding, and some in the Roma 
community view attempts to create a Roma political bloc like 
the RUP as a stumbling block to full integration. 
 
-------------------- 
Key National Figures 
-------------------- 
 
2.  (SBU) There are four key Roma leaders, each with his own 
agenda and philosophy: 
 
- Laszlo Teleki: Teleki, a Beas Roma, is an MSZP MP and the 
State Secretary for Roma Affairs. A member of Parliament 
since 2002, Teleki is pro-U.S. and has attributed much of his 
success to Embassy and USAID programs.  Citing the lack of 
any mention of Roma programs in the most recent National 
Development Plan (NDP), many in the Roma community have said 
they view Teleki as ineffective in promoting aid for Roma; 
 
-  (SBU) Florian Farkas: Farkas is a FIDESZ MP and head of 
the Roma Organization Lungo Drom, which is widely viewed as a 
FIDESZ puppet organization. Farkas was head of the Roma 
National Minority Self Government (MSG) from 1995 - 2002. 
FIDESZ has campaigned hard in the Roma community and may win 
a majority of the Roma vote as a result. Farkas is an Ungro 
Roma.  (Comment: Many here perceive both Teleki and Farkas as 
"token" Roma who will follow their respective political party 
lines in order to stay in power.) 
 
-  (SBU) Aladar Horvath: Horvath, who is of a mixed Roma 
background, was the first Roma elected to Parliament (SZDSZ) 
and he is currently the head of the Roma Civil Rights 
Foundation.  He was also the head of the Roma National MSG in 
2002 but internal political squabbles forced him out after 
just a few months.  Andor Urmos, a close friend of Horvath, 
told Poloffs that Horvath probably has the most altruistic 
intentions for the Roma community, but his single-mindedness 
of purpose and unwillingness to compromise makes it difficult 
to work with him. 
 
-  (SBU) Kolompar Orban: Orban has been head of the Roma 
National MSG since 2003.  Orban, an Olah Roma with a sixth 
grade education, founded the RUP in October 2005 as an 
alternative to the mainstream parties.  Some Roma attribute 
the party's remarkable growth to Orban's use of MSG resources 
for personal political gain and allege that Orban has filled 
the MSG with Olah cronies (who also dominate RUP). 
 
-------------- 
Roma Groupings 
-------------- 
 
3.  (SBU) The Roma community in Hungary is divided into three 
main "tribes" or groupings, the Roma-Ungro, Olah, and Beas. 
The Roma-Ungro or "Hungarian Roma" comprise approximately 85 
percent of the Roma population and are the stereotypical 
"Hungarian Gypsy."  Spread throughout Hungary, many Ungro do 
not speak a Romani language.  The majority of assimilated 
Roma come from this group.  The Olah Roma make up fifteen 
percent of the Roma population and are situated mainly in the 
eastern part of Hungary, where many of them live in extreme 
poverty.  The smallest group, at 3 percent are the Beas, who 
primarily reside in southern Hungary.  The Beas tend to be 
the most traditional, "old-fashioned" Roma.  Tamas Csik, 
director of a Roma news webpage and a Centrum Party national 
list candidate, told poloffs on April 4 that "although we 
don't like to discuss it, "tribal" affiliations make a 
difference in which candidates we support."  In an April 5 
meeting, Laszlo Teleki also told poloffs that "tribal" 
affiliations do make a difference as "tribal" leaders are 
important decision makers.  According to Teleki, attempts to 
influence the Roma vote will often go through the "tribal" 
 
BUDAPEST 00000711  002 OF 003 
 
 
leaders. (Comment:  It is likely that such leaders are often 
approached for help in vote fraud has well.) 
 
--------------------------------------------- - 
"The Roma Have Never Had a Martin Luther King" 
--------------------------------------------- - 
 
4.  (SBU) Ferenc Fodor, a non-Roma staffer for RUP told 
poloffs that the reason the Roma have never united as a 
political force is that they "have never had a Martin Luther 
King."  According to Fodor, none of the other Roma leaders 
are charismatic enough to unite the whole group.  When 
pressed about why there they had differing political agendas, 
he observed that, realistically, most of the leaders rely on 
their political office for their livelihood and tend to 
support Roma interests to those of their respective parties. 
Tamas Csik suggested that social and education differences 
also play a role, comparing Orban's sixth-grade education to 
Horvath's college background.  Other Roma have expressed 
their concern over their feuding leaders as well.  In March, 
Roma businessman and FIDESZ supporter Sandor Danyi told 
Poloffs that the only way for the Roma to move forward would 
be for Teleki, Farkas, Orban and Horvath to put aside their 
personal agendas and unite for the long-term benefit of the 
Roma. 
 
----------------------------- 
The Roma Unity Party: 
Integration, Not Assimilation 
----------------------------- 
 
5.  (SBU) The RUP's campaign slogan is "For the Future, for 
work, for respect, for ourselves" and its underlying theme is 
"integration, not assimilation." Fodor explained that the RUP 
envisions a society where Roma are identified as Roma without 
fear of discrimination.  The RUP platform calls for the 
following: 
 
- employment opportunities for Roma, including state support 
of Roma businesses; 
 
- educational opportunity, including vocational training, 
subsidized school food programs and an end to segregation; 
 
- elimination of the most dilapidated settlements where an 
estimated 150 thousand Hungarians (Roma and non-Roma) live in 
extreme poverty; 
 
- a focus on Roma identity and culture in all aspects of the 
party's platform. 
 
6.  (SBU) The RUP is fielding 29 individual candidates 
(including three non-Roma) in ten counties, and the party has 
also qualified for county list ballots in eight regions and 
even the national list; unprecedented for a Roma party. 
Speaking realistically, Fodor said that only one candidate 
has a chance of winning election, but the party hopes for 
several third-place finishes.  If the RUP gains one percent 
of the vote, it would qualify for government funding, and 
Fodor claimed that other parties would then recognize it as 
the party to work with on Roma issues.  Fodor thought the RUP 
had a chance to win one percent of the vote. Csik predicted 
that RUP would not attain one percent of the vote. Csik, who 
does not like Orban, predicted that if RUP won one percent of 
the vote and received GOH funds, it would allow Orban to 
solidify his hold over the National MSG.  (Note: Csik himself 
has political aspirations.  He told poloffs that he plans to 
leave the Centrum Party and form his own "Roma Alliance" 
party before the next election.) 
 
--------------------------------- 
FIDESZ Populism for the Roma, Too 
--------------------------------- 
 
7. (SBU) Dr. Andor Urmos, Head of the Equal Opportunity 
Ministry's Department of Roma Integration, and himself an 
SZDSZ sympathizer, told poloffs April 6 that he expects that 
FIDESZ will receive slightly more Roma votes than the other 
parties.  Urmos attributed this to FIDESZ's aggressive 
courting of the Roma. According to Urmos, the Roma have not 
traditionally identified with, or voted en masse for a 
particular party because they tend to focus on short term and 
local issues. (Comment:  Much of that focus is the product of 
poverty, which politicians often address through populist 
promises or outright bribery.) 
 
8.  (SBU) Despite the expectation that many FIDESZ supporters 
would be unsympathetic to Roma issues, Urmos suggested that 
FIDESZ was able to appease its base by couching its promises 
in racist terms.  As an example, Urmos quoted FIDESZ 
 
BUDAPEST 00000711  003 OF 003 
 
 
President Viktor Orban promising "housing and work for Roma 
who are eager to work and learn."  Roma susceptibility to 
FIDESZ appeals is also anomalous given FIDESZ's usual 
nationalist and xenophobic bent.  Urmos mentioned that many 
in the Equal Opportunity Ministry were concerned about 
comments FIDESZ deputy prime minister candidate Istvan Mikola 
had made earlier in the week about his vision of a "pure and 
wholesome" society, a Hungarian phrase loaded with distinct 
racial overtones. Urmos speculated that many Roma brushed 
aside such comments; attributing them to "everyday racism." 
 
 
-------------------- 
The Liberal Approach 
-------------------- 
 
9.  (SBU) Urmos also said that MSZP and SZDSZ should be 
viewed as the parties of the Roma, but that Prime Minister 
Gyurcsany has been noticeably silent on Roma issues.  Per 
Urmos, there are two possible reasons for this.  First, in 
2002 then MSZP Prime Minister Peter Medyessey made 
extravagant promises to the Roma, which made him popular, but 
were not fulfilled. Perhaps, said Urmos, Gyurcsany is not 
making a fuss about the Roma in order to avoid drawing 
attention to the MSZP's track record.  The second reason, 
according to Urmos, is that Gyurcsany is an idealist, who 
refuses to differentiate between Roma Hungarians and non-Roma 
Hungarians. Gyurcsany, said Urmos, believes that poverty and 
lack of education in the Roma community should not be viewed 
as Roma issues but as social issues. This is the true liberal 
view on minority issues, said Urmos, and the reason he does 
not support the RUP. On the contrary, Urmos added, true 
integration will have arrived when Roma are genuinely 
represented in all parties, including even the far-right 
MIEP. 
 
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The Road Ahead 
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10.  (SBU) The typical Hungarian view of Roma in politics is 
that they are apathetic and easily manipulated and therefore 
of no political consequence.  All interlocutors (including 
Roma) agree that Roma are often the pawns of fraudulent 
voting.  However, Dr. Urmos claimed that an estimated sixty 
percent of Roma voted in the 2002 elections, and Laszlo 
Teleki asserted that the same percentage of Roma as 
Hungarians vote. The rapid development of the RUP and 
FIDESZ's assiduous courting of the Roma community demonstrate 
that there is at least some interest in Roma as a potential 
vote pool, but what path the Roma themselves will take to 
greater representation is not yet clear. 
 
11. (U) Visit Embassy Budapest's classified website: 
www.state.sgov.gov/p/eur/budapest/index.cfm 
WALKER