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Viewing cable 06KIRKUK61, TRIBAL LEADER WARNS OF FUNDAMENTALISM, CORRUPTION IN KURDISH

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06KIRKUK61 2006-03-14 12:21 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL REO Kirkuk
VZCZCXRO8021
PP RUEHBC RUEHDE RUEHIHL RUEHMOS
DE RUEHKUK #0061/01 0731221
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
P R 141221Z MAR 06
FM REO KIRKUK
TO RUEHGB/AMEMBASSY BAGHDAD PRIORITY 0525
RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0561
INFO RUCNRAQ/IRAQ COLLECTIVE
RUEHKUK/REO KIRKUK 0589
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 KIRKUK 000061 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
BAGHDAD FOR POL, POLMIL, NCT, ROL COORDINATOR, USAID, IRMO/IPCC, 
IRMO FOR BATES AND CAPLES 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL:  3/14/2016 
TAGS: PGOV KDEM KISL PHUM APER PRELIZ IR SY TU
SUBJECT: TRIBAL LEADER WARNS OF FUNDAMENTALISM, CORRUPTION IN KURDISH 
REGION OF IRAQ 
 
REF: KIRKUK 46 
 
KIRKUK 00000061  001.2 OF 002 
 
 
CLASSIFIED BY: Michael Oreste, Deputy PRT Team Leader, PRT 
Kirkuk, DoS. 
REASON: 1.4 (b), (d) 
 
 
 
1. (C) SUMMARY.  The leader of the second largest Kurdish tribe 
in Iraq, the Harki, identified corruption, nepotism and the 
growth of Islamic fundamentalism fueled by economic instability 
as the major threats to democracy in the Kurdish region of Iraq. 
 Shaykh Mahmud Asad Fattah Harki said that the Iraqi people 
blamed the U.S. for both problems; further, they believe the 
U.S. is deliberately stalling the formation of the Iraqi 
Government because of its own self-interests.  End Summary. 
 
2. (C)  This is the first cable reporting a series of interviews 
with leaders of four influential Kurdish tribes in Iraq, 
including the Harki, Baradusti, Surchi, and Zebari.  On March 
10, IPAO's met with Shaykh Harki, a former member of the Iraqi 
Transitional National Assembly and current member of the 
Kurdistan National Assembly. 
 
Nepotism Feeds Corruption 
------------------------- 
 
3. (C) According to Shaykh Harki, "Corruption, which is 
flourishing throughout Iraqi politics and civil society, has 
weakened the democratic process in Iraq."  He called corruption 
"the biggest virus from Al Basrah to the Kurdish region."  Harki 
said that nepotism is the principal cause of corruption.  He 
added that the absence of security and economic instability also 
stimulated corruption. He asserted that there needs to be a 
separation between the government and the political parties, 
citing the self-interest on the part of the political party 
leaders, who are profiting from a fuel crisis of their own 
making.  (REFTEL)  Party leaders were appointing loyalists 
rather than qualified candidates for government posts.  He 
complained there was neither accountability nor punitive 
measures in place to counter political abuses. 
 
KURDISH PUBLIC BLAMING COALITION FOR PROBLEMS 
--------------------------------------------- 
 
4. (C) Harki said that Kurdish public opinion towards the 
Coalition has shifted.  The public blamed Americans for the fact 
that the Iraqi government was still not formed three months 
after the elections and believed that the U.S. was deliberately 
delaying the formation to protect its own interests.  Harki 
warned that many Kurds faulted the U.S. for the fuel crisis. 
"This is very serious.  If the fuel shortage is not resolved, 
people will fight you over this crisis."  The Kurdish people 
believed the U.S. could easily resolve these political and 
economic issues if it wanted.  Moreover, these problems paved 
the way for terrorism and resulted in a separation between the 
Iraqi people and the U.S., even though the Iraqi leaders were 
talking to Americans. IPAO's reassured him that this was not the 
case.  Harki, continuing in the same vein, noted that a woman on 
Iraqi TV recently said that life was better under Saddam Husayn 
because at least the Iraqi people had gasoline and electricity. 
That said, Harki estimated that ninety percent of the Kurds 
still support the MNF-I and want the Coalition to stay in the 
region. He added, however, that the KRG also has (Islamic) 
fanatics, like in the rest of Iraq. 
 
FEAR OF GROWING FUNDAMENTALISM IN REGION 
---------------------------------------- 
 
5. (C) Harki said that if there were no plan to fight 
fundamentalism, then the Islamic Parties would grow.  Most 
people in the Kurdish region, illiterate and uneducated, would 
be drawn to the Islamic parties, if security and basic services 
did not improve.  Harki recommended that the U.S. advise the 
Kurdish parties to better serve the Iraqi people. He suggested 
that the KRG is the best mechanism for providing services and 
resolving economic problems.  Although the Kurdistan Islamic 
Union was not a group of fanatics now, he feared what they might 
do if they had more power. 
 
TRIBES AND PARTIES TOGETHER ON POLITICAL MATTERS 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
 
6. (C)  According to Harki, the Kurdish people wanted more than 
autonomy, they wanted independence.  The U.S. and Iraqi 
Government needed to respect the implementation of Article 58 
and agree on the right mechanism to minimize future problems. 
Harki said the Kurdish tribes shared the same political 
positions generally with the KDP and PUK on regional issues, 
 
KIRKUK 00000061  002.2 OF 002 
 
 
though each tribe might have members with different political 
affiliations.  The tribes and parties in the past have clashed 
over power, but their future relations were unclear.  The 
majority of Kurds continued to work with the two major parties 
because they did not trust Islamism.  Harki said the tribes 
today have much less influence on their members than in the 
past. 
 
HARKI TRIBAL HISTORY 
-------------------- 
 
7. (C) The Harki tribe is the second biggest Kurdish tribe in 
Iraq. Its members also live in Iran and Turkey.  Originally the 
tribe consisted of sheepherders from the Turkish Chwar Chal 
(Four Mountain Peaks) area and was considered one of the 
wealthiest Kurdish tribes.  Shaykh Harki estimated that his 
tribe made up 10 percent of Kurds in the world.  Within Iraq, 
the tribe primarily lives in Aqri (near Dahuk), Mosul, and 
Arbil.  Outside Iraq, most Harki live in the Urimiyah province 
in Iran, and Shanzinan, Turkey.  All tribal members are 
relatives.  Shaykh Harki said he had one brother in Iran and a 
cousin in Turkey. 
 
8. (C) Shaykh Harki described the process of succession in the 
Harki tribe as democratic.  A council of tribal elders - 
consisting of 20 to 30 family heads - select its own leader in 
each geographic branch.  The eldest man in the tribe used to 
oversee the entire tribe, but that is no longer the case. 
Shaykh Harki became the leader of the tribe in Iraq in 1985, 
when his uncle died.  Harki's father preceded his uncle as 
tribal leader until his father's death in 1976. 
 
9. (C) Shaykh Harki claimed the Iraqi Harkis enjoy good 
relations with its Iranian and Turkish branches, as well as the 
other Kurdish tribes in Iraq.  Following the Kurdish uprising 
against the Iraqi regime in 1991 the Council of the Tribes was 
dissolved.  In 1993, Shaykh Harki and four other tribal leaders 
visited the U.S. State Department, the Foreign and Defense 
Ministries of the UK, and Saudi Arabia with the aim to gain 
protection for the Kurds from these nations.  At that time, most 
Kurdish tribal leaders supported the Iraqi regime, except the 
Harki tribe in Arbil.  Shaykh Harki said he supported the KDP 
because he lived within its administrative jurisdiction. There 
were no influential Harki women in business or politics, but 
Shaykh Harki said he had a plan to encourage more women to 
participate in government. 
 
BIOGRAPHIC NOTE: 
---------------- 
 
10. (C)  Shaykh Harki was born in 1955.  He has five children - 
three sons and two daughters - and has a bachelor's degree in 
agriculture from Baghdad University.  His wife is an art teacher 
and is from the Dosti tribe; his brother-an AMCIT living in 
Alaska-has worked with the Coalition during Operation Iraqi 
Freedom. 
 
COMMENT: 
-------- 
 
11. (C) Shaykh Harki expressed frustration that the U.S. had 
waited three years to meet with him, telling IPAO's that it was 
too late to understand the tribes.  He said he was disappointed 
in how he had explained to several U.S. generals during the CPA 
days the importance of the Kurdish tribes, yet the U.S. had not 
reached out to him.  Shaykh Harki was dressed in traditional 
tribal garb and understood and spoke some English - sometimes 
correcting the interpreter.  He described his community as 
"first Muslim, second tribal."  Although Shaykh Harki claimed 
that it was too late to understand the tribes, IPAO'S recently 
have had much success in meeting with and eliciting information 
from Kurdish tribal leaders.  The shaykhs for the most part have 
been open and candid in their views, and IPAO's assess that our 
discussions with these leaders represent a window into the 
social context of the Kurdish region. 
ORESTE