Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 251287 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AEMR ASEC AMGT AE AS AMED AVIAN AU AF AORC AGENDA AO AR AM APER AFIN ATRN AJ ABUD ARABL AL AG AODE ALOW ADANA AADP AND APECO ACABQ ASEAN AA AFFAIRS AID AGR AY AGS AFSI AGOA AMB ARF ANET ASCH ACOA AFLU AFSN AMEX AFDB ABLD AESC AFGHANISTAN AINF AVIATION ARR ARSO ANDREW ASSEMBLY AIDS APRC ASSK ADCO ASIG AC AZ APEC AFINM ADB AP ACOTA ASEX ACKM ASUP ANTITERRORISM ADPM AINR ARABLEAGUE AGAO AORG AMTC AIN ACCOUNT ASECAFINGMGRIZOREPTU AIDAC AINT ARCH AMGTKSUP ALAMI AMCHAMS ALJAZEERA AVIANFLU AORD AOREC ALIREZA AOMS AMGMT ABDALLAH AORCAE AHMED ACCELERATED AUC ALZUGUREN ANGEL AORL ASECIR AMG AMBASSADOR AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL ADM ASES ABMC AER AMER ASE AMGTHA ARNOLDFREDERICK AOPC ACS AFL AEGR ASED AFPREL AGRI AMCHAM ARNOLD AN ANATO AME APERTH ASECSI AT ACDA ASEDC AIT AMERICA AMLB AMGE ACTION AGMT AFINIZ ASECVE ADRC ABER AGIT APCS AEMED ARABBL ARC ASO AIAG ACEC ASR ASECM ARG AEC ABT ADIP ADCP ANARCHISTS AORCUN AOWC ASJA AALC AX AROC ARM AGENCIES ALBE AK AZE AOPR AREP AMIA ASCE ALANAZI ABDULRAHMEN ABDULHADI AINFCY ARMS ASECEFINKCRMKPAOPTERKHLSAEMRNS AGRICULTURE AFPK AOCR ALEXANDER ATRD ATFN ABLG AORCD AFGHAN ARAS AORCYM AVERY ALVAREZ ACBAQ ALOWAR ANTOINE ABLDG ALAB AMERICAS AFAF ASECAFIN ASEK ASCC AMCT AMGTATK AMT APDC AEMRS ASECE AFSA ATRA ARTICLE ARENA AISG AEMRBC AFR AEIR ASECAF AFARI AMPR ASPA ASOC ANTONIO AORCL ASECARP APRM AUSTRALIAGROUP ASEG AFOR AEAID AMEDI ASECTH ASIC AFDIN AGUIRRE AUNR ASFC AOIC ANTXON ASA ASECCASC ALI AORCEUNPREFPRELSMIGBN ASECKHLS ASSSEMBLY ASECVZ AI ASECPGOV ASIR ASCEC ASAC ARAB AIEA ADMIRAL AUSGR AQ AMTG ARRMZY ANC APR AMAT AIHRC AFU ADEL AECL ACAO AMEMR ADEP AV AW AOR ALL ALOUNI AORCUNGA ALNEA ASC AORCO ARMITAGE AGENGA AGRIC AEM ACOAAMGT AGUILAR AFPHUM AMEDCASCKFLO AFZAL AAA ATPDEA ASECPHUM ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
ETRD ETTC EU ECON EFIN EAGR EAID ELAB EINV ENIV ENRG EPET EZ ELTN ELECTIONS ECPS ET ER EG EUN EIND ECONOMICS EMIN ECIN EINT EWWT EAIR EN ENGR ES EI ETMIN EL EPA EARG EFIS ECONOMY EC EK ELAM ECONOMIC EAR ESDP ECCP ELN EUM EUMEM ECA EAP ELEC ECOWAS EFTA EXIM ETTD EDRC ECOSOC ECPSN ENVIRONMENT ECO EMAIL ECTRD EREL EDU ENERG ENERGY ENVR ETRAD EAC EXTERNAL EFIC ECIP ERTD EUC ENRGMO EINZ ESTH ECCT EAGER ECPN ELNT ERD EGEN ETRN EIVN ETDR EXEC EIAD EIAR EVN EPRT ETTF ENGY EAIDCIN EXPORT ETRC ESA EIB EAPC EPIT ESOCI ETRB EINDQTRD ENRC EGOV ECLAC EUR ELF ETEL ENRGUA EVIN EARI ESCAP EID ERIN ELAN ENVT EDEV EWWY EXBS ECOM EV ELNTECON ECE ETRDGK EPETEIND ESCI ETRDAORC EAIDETRD ETTR EMS EAGRECONEINVPGOVBN EBRD EUREM ERGR EAGRBN EAUD EFI ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ETRO ENRGY EGAR ESSO EGAD ENV ENER EAIDXMXAXBXFFR ELA EET EINVETRD EETC EIDN ERGY ETRDPGOV EING EMINCG EINVECON EURM EEC EICN EINO EPSC ELAP ELABPGOVBN EE ESPS ETRA ECONETRDBESPAR ERICKSON EEOC EVENTS EPIN EB ECUN EPWR ENG EX EH EAIDAR EAIS ELBA EPETUN ETRDEIQ EENV ECPC ETRP ECONENRG EUEAID EWT EEB EAIDNI ESENV EADM ECN ENRGKNNP ETAD ETR ECONETRDEAGRJA ETRG ETER EDUC EITC EBUD EAIF EBEXP EAIDS EITI EGOVSY EFQ ECOQKPKO ETRGY ESF EUE EAIC EPGOV ENFR EAGRE ENRD EINTECPS EAVI ETC ETCC EIAID EAIDAF EAGREAIDPGOVPRELBN EAOD ETRDA EURN EASS EINVA EAIDRW EON ECOR EPREL EGPHUM ELTM ECOS EINN ENNP EUPGOV EAGRTR ECONCS ETIO ETRDGR EAIDB EISNAR EIFN ESPINOSA EAIDASEC ELIN EWTR EMED ETFN ETT EADI EPTER ELDIN EINVEFIN ESS ENRGIZ EQRD ESOC ETRDECD ECINECONCS EAIT ECONEAIR ECONEFIN EUNJ ENRGKNNPMNUCPARMPRELNPTIAEAJMXL ELAD EFIM ETIC EFND EFN ETLN ENGRD EWRG ETA EIN EAIRECONRP EXIMOPIC ERA ENRGJM ECONEGE ENVI ECHEVARRIA EMINETRD EAD ECONIZ EENG ELBR EWWC ELTD EAIDMG ETRK EIPR EISNLN ETEX EPTED EFINECONCS EPCS EAG ETRDKIPR ED EAIO ETRDEC ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ERNG EFINU EURFOR EWWI ELTNSNAR ETD EAIRASECCASCID EOXC ESTN EAIDAORC EAGRRP ETRDEMIN ELABPHUMSMIGKCRMBN ETRDEINVTINTCS EGHG EAIDPHUMPRELUG EAGRBTIOBEXPETRDBN EDA EPETPGOV ELAINE EUCOM EMW EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM ELB EINDETRD EMI ETRDECONWTOCS EINR ESTRADA EHUM EFNI ELABV ENR EMN EXO EWWTPRELPGOVMASSMARRBN EATO END EP EINVETC ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID ELTRN EIQ ETTW EAI ENGRG ETRED ENDURING ETTRD EAIDEGZ EOCN EINF EUPREL ENRL ECPO ENLT EEFIN EPPD ECOIN EUEAGR EISL EIDE ENRGSD EINVECONSENVCSJA EAIG ENTG EEPET EUNCH EPECO ETZ EPAT EPTE EAIRGM ETRDPREL EUNGRSISAFPKSYLESO ETTN EINVKSCA ESLCO EBMGT ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EFLU ELND EFINOECD EAIDHO EDUARDO ENEG ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EFINTS ECONQH ENRGPREL EUNPHUM EINDIR EPE EMINECINECONSENVTBIONS EFINM ECRM EQ EWWTSP ECONPGOVBN
KFLO KPKO KDEM KFLU KTEX KMDR KPAO KCRM KIDE KN KNNP KG KMCA KZ KJUS KWBG KU KDMR KAWC KCOR KPAL KOMC KTDB KTIA KISL KHIV KHUM KTER KCFE KTFN KS KIRF KTIP KIRC KSCA KICA KIPR KPWR KWMN KE KGIC KGIT KSTC KACT KSEP KFRD KUNR KHLS KCRS KRVC KUWAIT KVPR KSRE KMPI KMRS KNRV KNEI KCIP KSEO KITA KDRG KV KSUM KCUL KPET KBCT KO KSEC KOLY KNAR KGHG KSAF KWNM KNUC KMNP KVIR KPOL KOCI KPIR KLIG KSAC KSTH KNPT KINL KPRP KRIM KICC KIFR KPRV KAWK KFIN KT KVRC KR KHDP KGOV KPOW KTBT KPMI KPOA KRIF KEDEM KFSC KY KGCC KATRINA KWAC KSPR KTBD KBIO KSCI KRCM KNNB KBNC KIMT KCSY KINR KRAD KMFO KCORR KW KDEMSOCI KNEP KFPC KEMPI KBTR KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNPP KTTB KTFIN KBTS KCOM KFTN KMOC KOR KDP KPOP KGHA KSLG KMCR KJUST KUM KMSG KHPD KREC KIPRTRD KPREL KEN KCSA KCRIM KGLB KAKA KWWT KUNP KCRN KISLPINR KLFU KUNC KEDU KCMA KREF KPAS KRKO KNNC KLHS KWAK KOC KAPO KTDD KOGL KLAP KECF KCRCM KNDP KSEAO KCIS KISM KREL KISR KISC KKPO KWCR KPFO KUS KX KWCI KRFD KWPG KTRD KH KLSO KEVIN KEANE KACW KWRF KNAO KETTC KTAO KWIR KVCORR KDEMGT KPLS KICT KWGB KIDS KSCS KIRP KSTCPL KDEN KLAB KFLOA KIND KMIG KPPAO KPRO KLEG KGKG KCUM KTTP KWPA KIIP KPEO KICR KNNA KMGT KCROM KMCC KLPM KNNPGM KSIA KSI KWWW KOMS KESS KMCAJO KWN KTDM KDCM KCM KVPRKHLS KENV KCCP KGCN KCEM KEMR KWMNKDEM KNNPPARM KDRM KWIM KJRE KAID KWMM KPAONZ KUAE KTFR KIF KNAP KPSC KSOCI KCWI KAUST KPIN KCHG KLBO KIRCOEXC KI KIRCHOFF KSTT KNPR KDRL KCFC KLTN KPAOKMDRKE KPALAOIS KESO KKOR KSMT KFTFN KTFM KDEMK KPKP KOCM KNN KISLSCUL KFRDSOCIRO KINT KRG KWMNSMIG KSTCC KPAOY KFOR KWPR KSEPCVIS KGIV KSEI KIL KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KQ KEMS KHSL KTNF KPDD KANSOU KKIV KFCE KTTC KGH KNNNP KK KSCT KWNN KAWX KOMCSG KEIM KTSD KFIU KDTB KFGM KACP KWWMN KWAWC KSPA KGICKS KNUP KNNO KISLAO KTPN KSTS KPRM KPALPREL KPO KTLA KCRP KNMP KAWCK KCERS KDUM KEDM KTIALG KWUN KPTS KPEM KMEPI KAWL KHMN KCRO KCMR KPTD KCROR KMPT KTRF KSKN KMAC KUK KIRL KEM KSOC KBTC KOM KINP KDEMAF KTNBT KISK KRM KWBW KBWG KNNPMNUC KNOP KSUP KCOG KNET KWBC KESP KMRD KEBG KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KPWG KOMCCO KRGY KNNF KPROG KJAN KFRED KPOKO KM KWMNCS KMPF KJWC KJU KSMIG KALR KRAL KDGOV KPA KCRMJA KCRI KAYLA KPGOV KRD KNNPCH KFEM KPRD KFAM KALM KIPRETRDKCRM KMPP KADM KRFR KMWN KWRG KTIAPARM KTIAEUN KRDP KLIP KDDEM KTIAIC KWKN KPAD KDM KRCS KWBGSY KEAI KIVP KPAOPREL KUNH KTSC KIPT KNP KJUSTH KGOR KEPREL KHSA KGHGHIV KNNR KOMH KRCIM KWPB KWIC KINF KPER KILS KA KNRG KCSI KFRP KLFLO KFE KNPPIS KQM KQRDQ KERG KPAOPHUM KSUMPHUM KVBL KARIM KOSOVO KNSD KUIR KWHG KWBGXF KWMNU KPBT KKNP KERF KCRT KVIS KWRC KVIP KTFS KMARR KDGR KPAI KDE KTCRE KMPIO KUNRAORC KHOURY KAWS KPAK KOEM KCGC KID KVRP KCPS KIVR KBDS KWOMN KIIC KTFNJA KARZAI KMVP KHJUS KPKOUNSC KMAR KIBL KUNA KSA KIS KJUSAF KDEV KPMO KHIB KIRD KOUYATE KIPRZ KBEM KPAM KDET KPPD KOSCE KJUSKUNR KICCPUR KRMS KWMNPREL KWMJN KREISLER KWM KDHS KRV KPOV KWMNCI KMPL KFLD KWWN KCVM KIMMITT KCASC KOMO KNATO KDDG KHGH KRF KSCAECON KWMEN KRIC
PREL PINR PGOV PHUM PTER PE PREF PARM PBTS PINS PHSA PK PL PM PNAT PHAS PO PROP PGOVE PA PU POLITICAL PPTER POL PALESTINIAN PHUN PIN PAMQ PPA PSEC POLM PBIO PSOE PDEM PAK PF PKAO PGOVPRELMARRMOPS PMIL PV POLITICS PRELS POLICY PRELHA PIRN PINT PGOG PERSONS PRC PEACE PROCESS PRELPGOV PROV PFOV PKK PRE PT PIRF PSI PRL PRELAF PROG PARMP PERL PUNE PREFA PP PGOB PUM PROTECTION PARTIES PRIL PEL PAGE PS PGO PCUL PLUM PIF PGOVENRGCVISMASSEAIDOPRCEWWTBN PMUC PCOR PAS PB PKO PY PKST PTR PRM POUS PRELIZ PGIC PHUMS PAL PNUC PLO PMOPS PHM PGOVBL PBK PELOSI PTE PGOVAU PNR PINSO PRO PLAB PREM PNIR PSOCI PBS PD PHUML PERURENA PKPA PVOV PMAR PHUMCF PUHM PHUH PRELPGOVETTCIRAE PRT PROPERTY PEPFAR PREI POLUN PAR PINSF PREFL PH PREC PPD PING PQL PINSCE PGV PREO PRELUN POV PGOVPHUM PINRES PRES PGOC PINO POTUS PTERE PRELKPAO PRGOV PETR PGOVEAGRKMCAKNARBN PPKO PARLIAMENT PEPR PMIG PTBS PACE PETER PMDL PVIP PKPO POLMIL PTEL PJUS PHUMNI PRELKPAOIZ PGOVPREL POGV PEREZ POWELL PMASS PDOV PARN PG PPOL PGIV PAIGH PBOV PETROL PGPV PGOVL POSTS PSO PRELEU PRELECON PHUMPINS PGOVKCMABN PQM PRELSP PRGO PATTY PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PGVO PROTESTS PRELPLS PKFK PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PARAGRAPH PRELGOV POG PTRD PTERM PBTSAG PHUMKPAL PRELPK PTERPGOV PAO PRIVATIZATION PSCE PPAO PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PARALYMPIC PRUM PKPRP PETERS PAHO PARMS PGREL PINV POINS PHUMPREL POREL PRELNL PHUMPGOV PGOVQL PLAN PRELL PARP PROVE PSOC PDD PRELNP PRELBR PKMN PGKV PUAS PRELTBIOBA PBTSEWWT PTERIS PGOVU PRELGG PHUMPRELPGOV PFOR PEPGOV PRELUNSC PRAM PICES PTERIZ PREK PRELEAGR PRELEUN PHUME PHU PHUMKCRS PRESL PRTER PGOF PARK PGOVSOCI PTERPREL PGOVEAID PGOVPHUMKPAO PINSKISL PREZ PGOVAF PARMEUN PECON PINL POGOV PGOVLO PIERRE PRELPHUM PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PBST PKPAO PHUMHUPPS PGOVPOL PASS PPGOV PROGV PAGR PHALANAGE PARTY PRELID PGOVID PHUMR PHSAQ PINRAMGT PSA PRELM PRELMU PIA PINRPE PBTSRU PARMIR PEDRO PNUK PVPR PINOCHET PAARM PRFE PRELEIN PINF PCI PSEPC PGOVSU PRLE PDIP PHEM PRELB PORG PGGOC POLG POPDC PGOVPM PWMN PDRG PHUMK PINB PRELAL PRER PFIN PNRG PRED POLI PHUMBO PHYTRP PROLIFERATION PHARM PUOS PRHUM PUNR PENA PGOVREL PETRAEUS PGOVKDEM PGOVENRG PHUS PRESIDENT PTERKU PRELKSUMXABN PGOVSI PHUMQHA PKISL PIR PGOVZI PHUMIZNL PKNP PRELEVU PMIN PHIM PHUMBA PUBLIC PHAM PRELKPKO PMR PARTM PPREL PN PROL PDA PGOVECON PKBL PKEAID PERM PRELEZ PRELC PER PHJM PGOVPRELPINRBN PRFL PLN PWBG PNG PHUMA PGOR PHUMPTER POLINT PPEF PKPAL PNNL PMARR PAC PTIA PKDEM PAUL PREG PTERR PTERPRELPARMPGOVPBTSETTCEAIRELTNTC PRELJA POLS PI PNS PAREL PENV PTEROREP PGOVM PINER PBGT PHSAUNSC PTERDJ PRELEAID PARMIN PKIR PLEC PCRM PNET PARR PRELETRD PRELBN PINRTH PREJ PEACEKEEPINGFORCES PEMEX PRELZ PFLP PBPTS PTGOV PREVAL PRELSW PAUM PRF PHUMKDEM PATRICK PGOVKMCAPHUMBN PRELA PNUM PGGV PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PBT PIND PTEP PTERKS PGOVJM PGOT PRELMARR PGOVCU PREV PREFF PRWL PET PROB PRELPHUMP PHUMAF PVTS PRELAFDB PSNR PGOVECONPRELBU PGOVZL PREP PHUMPRELBN PHSAPREL PARCA PGREV PGOVDO PGON PCON PODC PRELOV PHSAK PSHA PGOVGM PRELP POSCE PGOVPTER PHUMRU PINRHU PARMR PGOVTI PPEL PMAT PAN PANAM PGOVBO PRELHRC

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 05MAPUTO1086, MOZAMBIQUE: UPDATE ON WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05MAPUTO1086.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
05MAPUTO1086 2005-08-25 14:18 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Maputo
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

251418Z Aug 05
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 MAPUTO 001086 
 
SIPDIS 
STATE FOR AF/S - HTREGER AND DRL/IL - LHOLT 
DOL/ILAB FOR TMCCARTER 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ELAB EIND ETRD PHUM SOCI MZ USAID
SUBJECT: MOZAMBIQUE: UPDATE ON WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR 
INFORMATION 
 
REF: STATE 143552 
 
Summary 
-------- 
1. Mozambique is party to the ILO convention against the 
worst forms of child labor (Convention 182). The Government 
of the Republic of Mozambique (GRM) has a regulatory 
framework in place to monitor and prosecute infractions of 
the labor code, but it does not have a regulatory body 
specifically devoted to child labor cases. The Ministry of 
Labor (MOL) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have 
increased efforts to develop programs to combat the worst 
forms of child labor, but impact to date remains minimal. 
The Labor Law regulates child labor. However child labor 
remains a problem in Mozambique; forced and bonded labor are 
common practices in the rural areas. End Summary. 
 
Incidence and Nature of Child Labor 
----------------------------------- 
2. Updated statistics on the incidence of child labor in 
Mozambique are unavailable. However according to a 2001 
report released by the Brussels-based International 
Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), nearly 33 percent 
of Mozambican children between the ages of 10-14 were 
expected to be economically active. UNICEF has similar 
estimates, and states that more than 1 million Mozambican 
children under 14 were subject to exploitative labor in 2003. 
A rapid assessment child labor survey of children under 18 
conducted between 1998-2002 by the MOL and UNICEF identified 
the worst forms of child labor prevalent in Mozambique as 
children working in commercial agriculture, domestic labor, 
and child prostitution. Forced and bonded labor are common 
practices in the rural areas. However, there is no 
legislation that prohibits such practices. 
 
3. The major factors contributing to child labor in 
Mozambique are chronic family poverty, lack of employment for 
adults, breakdown of family support mechanisms, changing 
economic environment, lack of education opportunities 
resulting from inadequate education system, gender 
inequality, and the impact of HIV/AIDS. According to Save 
the Children, nearly 500,000 children in Mozambique have lost 
one or both parents to AIDS. This number is expected to rise 
to approximately 1.13 million by the end of 2007. Save the 
Children estimates that one in every five households in 
Mozambique care for at least one orphan. Children orphaned 
by HIV/AIDS often are forced to work because they are left 
without any adult family members or with only extended family 
members who were unable to support them. 
 
Laws and Regulations Defining Child Labor 
----------------------------------------- 
4. The government ratified ILO Conventions 182 and 29 
(Forced Labor) in June 2003. Post cannot confirm whether 
Mozambique has developed a list of occupations considered to 
be worst forms of child labor as called for in Article 4 of 
Convention 182. Focus on children's rights has increased 
over the past year. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) 
has now been charged with working to deposit at the UN the UN 
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the 
Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child 
Pornography, as well as the UN Optional Protocol to Prevent, 
Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons. However, no 
timeline has been set by the GRM. 
 
5. Law 8/98 sets the minimum age for employment at 15 years, 
but in exceptional cases allows for children between the ages 
of 12 and 15 to work with the joint approval of the 
Ministries of Labor, Health, and Education. The law sets 
restricted conditions on the work minors between the ages of 
15 and 18 may perform, limits the number of hours they can 
work, and establishes training, education, and medical exam 
requirements. For children between 15 and 18 years of age, 
the employer is required to provide for their education and 
professional training and to ensure that conditions of work 
are not damaging to their physical and moral development. 
 
6. With assistance from UNICEF and a local NGO, Community 
Development Foundation (FDC), the GRM undertook a legal 
review of children's rights in late 2003, which resulted in 
the formation of a Child Protection Committee in 2004. The 
committee, comprised of child welfare organizations and 
government officials, is currently finalizing a draft for a 
new Statute of Assistance for Minors. (Note: The existing 
statute, which determines jurisdiction for children's issues, 
dates back to colonial times. End note.) The committee is 
also responsible for drafting separate children's protection 
legislation, which is due in December 2005. 
 
7. For minors under 18 years the maximum workweek is 38 
hours and the maximum workday is 7 hours. Minors under 18 
years of age are not permitted to work in unhealthy or 
dangerous occupations or those requiring significant physical 
effort. Children must undergo a medical examination before 
beginning work. By law children must be paid at least the 
minimum wage or a minimum of two-thirds of the adult salary, 
whichever is higher. The Constitution prohibits forced 
labor, except in the context of penal law. 
 
8. Due to high adult unemployment in the formal sector, 
estimated at around 50 percent, few children are employed in 
regular wage positions. However children, including those 
under the age of 15, commonly work on family farms; 
independently in seasonal harvests or commercial plantations, 
where they are paid on a piecework basis, which principally 
involves picking cotton or tea leaves; or in the urban 
informal sector, where they perform such tasks as guarding 
cars, collecting scrap metal, working as vendors, and selling 
trinkets and/or food in the streets. Regulations are not 
enforced in the informal labor sector. Children also are 
employed as poorly paid domestic laborers, and this number 
continues to increase. 
 
9. Mozambican law does not specifically prohibit trafficking 
in persons. Traffickers can be prosecuted using laws on 
sexual assault, rape, abduction, and child abuse, but to 
Post's knowledge no such cases have been brought to trial. 
The government has responded to trafficking-related 
allegations in the press by conducting follow-up 
investigations and issuing public awareness announcements. 
In September 2003, the government launched a program to 
enhance its child protection laws, including the development 
of legislation to specifically address trafficking in 
children. A pilot program of police stations dedicated to 
dealing with trafficking victims, and staffed with trained 
officers, was implemented in Maputo, Beira and Nampula. 
 
10. Mozambique's Campaign Against Trafficking in Children, in 
which the government actively participates, is working to 
establish an assistance center in Moamba for repatriated 
victims of child trafficking. The project, which has 
received USG funding, is located close to the border post of 
Ressano Garcia, a major thoroughfare for trafficked persons. 
 
Implementation and Enforcement of Labor Laws 
-------------------------------------------- 
11. The MOL is authorized to regulate child labor in both 
the informal and formal sectors. Labor inspectors are 
authorized to obtain court orders and use police to enforce 
compliance with child labor provisions. Violations of child 
labor provisions are punishable with fines. Enforcement 
remedies generally are adequate in the formal sectors, but 
remain poor in the regulation of informal child labor. The 
Labor Inspectorate and police force lack adequate staff, 
funds, and training to investigate child labor cases, 
especially in areas outside of the capital, where many cases 
occur. The government provides training for police on child 
prostitution and abuse (including pornography); however, 
there is no specialized child labor training for the Labor 
Inspectorate. The government has disseminated information 
and provided education about the dangers of child labor. 
 
12. Education is compulsory through the age of 12. There is 
a matriculation fee for each child, and children are 
responsible for purchasing books and school supplies. 
Children who have a certificate that testifies that their 
parents' incomes are below a certain poverty level do not pay 
any matriculation fees. Nevertheless, the fees and 
associated costs are a significant financial burden for many 
families. Enforcement of compulsory education laws is 
inconsistent due to the lack of resources and the need for 
additional schools. 
 
Social Programs to Counter Child Labor 
-------------------------------------- 
13. The MOL and other organizations have done some work on 
child labor issues, but with little impact. The MOL has 
developed an action plan for reducing child labor and 
allocated funds to organize seminars to discuss this issue. 
The first ever workshop on child labor in Mozambique's 
tobacco sector organized by the Eliminating Child Labor in 
Tobacco Foundation (ECLT) and FDC was held in May 2004 in 
Chimoio, Manica province. Following two days of intense 
debate, there was widespread recognition that child labor 
exists in Mozambican tobacco farms and that the issue needs 
to be properly addressed. Commercial farmers who attended 
pledged not to employ labor below the age of 18. The trade 
union movement in Mozambique has been involved in the 
eradication of child labor. The Confederation of Trade 
Unions (OTM) has participated in several initiatives against 
child labor particularly in rural areas where it is common. 
Activities have included participation in seminars and 
workshops and in the design of the child labor regulations. 
 
14. The U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of International 
Labor Affairs (ILAB) intends to fund USD 3 million to improve 
access to and quality of education programs as a means to 
combat exploitive child labor in Mozambique. Projects funded 
under this solicitation will provide educational and training 
opportunities to children as a means of removing and/or 
preventing them from engaging in exploitive work or the worst 
forms of child labor. 
 
15. The GRM also has programs aimed at supporting children 
from impoverished families to stay in school and away from 
the labor market and the worst forms of child labor. For 
example, the GRM has established a scholarship program to 
cover the costs of school materials and fees for children. 
These programs are especially targeted at young girls and 
child-headed households, a phenomenon resulting from the high 
prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique. 
 
National Policy and Plan of Action 
---------------------------------- 
16. The GRM's Poverty Reduction Strategy for 2001-2005 
includes an education investment component. The GRM 
designated approximately 4.5 percent of its total 
expenditures for education in 2004, up from 2.41 percent in 
2003. The Ministry of Education has made significant 
progress in increasing enrollments at all levels; however, 
significant challenges remain. In 2004, 73.2 per cent of 
primary school age girls were enrolled in primary education 
in Mozambique compared to 78.0 per cent of boys. Completion 
rates are still much lower, especially for girls. In 2003, 
only 38.7 per cent of children starting school managed to 
pass the exam after grade 5. For girls the figure was only 
35.4 per cent. Over the next five years the government wants 
to increase enrollment rates to 80 percent overall and to 78 
percent for girls. The GRM's program envisages 2,500 new 
secondary school classrooms by 2009, and the recruitment of 
7,000 new teachers. The program also promises to improve the 
quality of education at all levels by investing in teacher 
training and school equipment, by increasing the amount of 
time children spend at school, and by systematically updating 
the curriculum. 
 
17. The Government of Mozambique and UNICEF signed a Master 
Plan of Operations in 2002. The overall goal of the 
co-operation between UNICEF and the GRM is to support and 
strengthen the capacities of the country to fulfill the basic 
rights of children and to improve their living conditions and 
prospects. The UNICEF country program is worth USD 86 
million for the years 2002 to 2006. It is guided by the 
Convention on the Rights of Children and the Convention on 
the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. To achieve 
its goals, UNICEF is working with the GRM on a national, 
provincial and district level, as well as with young people 
and children in the community. 
18. Mozambique's government-run TV channel, TVM, is 
introducing a new program dedicated to child rights called 
"Roda Viva." The main objective of the program is to cover 
activities related to the second National Child Parliament, 
which was held in April 2004 in Maputo, and will include 
reports from different provinces about the follow up to the 
recommendations adopted at the National Child Parliament. 
The program is being produced in close collaboration between 
UNICEF and the Ministry for Women and the Coordination of 
Social Action. UNICEF has supported the production of the 
first 13 parts financially and technically, and will 
facilitate the coverage from additional provinces in 2005. 
La Lime