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Viewing cable 05NDJAMENA555, DARFUR REBEL DEMARCHE: HARIR AND SHOGAR ON SLM'S

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
05NDJAMENA555 2005-04-06 15:32 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Ndjamena
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.


ACTION AF-00    

INFO  LOG-00   NP-00    AID-00   AMAD-00  CIAE-00  INL-00   DODE-00  
      DOEE-00  PERC-00  DS-00    EAP-00   EB-00    EUR-00   FBIE-00  
      VC-00    H-00     TEDE-00  INR-00   IO-00    LAB-01   L-00     
      CAC-00   VCE-00   M-00     NEA-00   NRC-00   NSAE-00  NSCE-00  
      OES-00   OIC-00   NIMA-00  PA-00    GIWI-00  PRS-00   P-00     
      SCT-00   FMPC-00  SP-00    SSO-00   SS-00    STR-00   TRSE-00  
      IIP-00   SCRS-00  DSCC-00  PRM-00   DRL-00   G-00     SAS-00   
      SWCI-00    /001W
                  ------------------D9329F  061618Z /38    
FM AMEMBASSY NDJAMENA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 1322
INFO AFRICAN UNION COLLECTIVE
DARFUR COLLECTIVE
AMEMBASSY LONDON 
AMEMBASSY PARIS 
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE 
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 
USLO TRIPOLI 
USMISSION GENEVA
C O N F I D E N T I A L  NDJAMENA 000555 
 
SIPDIS 
 
 
DEPARTMENT FOR AF, AF/C, AF/SPG, D, DRL, INR, INR/GGI, PRM, 
USAID/OTI; LONDON AND PARIS FOR AFRICAWATCHERS; GENEVA FOR 
CAMPBELL, ADDIS/NAIROBI/KAMPALA FOR REFCOORDS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/05/2015 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREF PREL KAWC CD SU
SUBJECT: DARFUR REBEL DEMARCHE: HARIR AND SHOGAR ON SLM'S 
REORGANIZATION 
 
REF: A. STATE 60774 
     B. NDJAMENA 543 
 
Classified By: Political/Economic Officer Kathleen FitzGibbon for reaso 
ns 1.4 (b) and (d). 
 
1.  (C)  Summary: The Ambassador delivered points in ref A to 
Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) members Dr. Sharif Harir and 
Adam Shogar on April 4.  Both SLM leaders praised USG efforts 
on behalf of the three recently passed U.N. Security Council 
resolutions.  They also reaffirmed their commitment to abide 
by the N'Djamena Ceasefire Agreement, the Abuja Humanitarian 
and Security Protocols, and Security Council Resolutions. 
Harir and Shogar provided an outline of SLM's current 
leadership problems and plans for a conference inside Darfur 
for which they requested international assistance.  End 
Summary. 
 
2.  (C)  On April 4, Ambassador Wall and P/E officer met with 
SLM's chief negotiator Dr. Sharif Harir, and Representative 
to the Joint Commission Adam Shogar.  Harir and Shogar 
listened intently and took notes while the Ambassador 
outlined U.S. expectations that the rebel movements abide by 
the newly-passed U.N. Security Council resolutions and honor 
commitments previously made.  He noted USG concern with past 
attacks on humanitarian convoys and stated that these 
incidents must cease.  The Embassy provided the movement 
leaders with copies of the U.N. resolutions. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - 
REBEL MOVEMENT RESPONSE 
- - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
3.  (C) In response, Harir said that the Ambassador's message 
was clear and that he had taken note.  He reiterated the 
SLM's commitment to the agreements it has signed and 
emphasized that it is the Government of Sudan that fails to 
respect the accords.  Harir said the SLM is investigating 
alleged violations by its own members.  He also thanked the 
international community for passing three resolutions on 
Sudan in a short period of time.  He noted that the GOS 
immediately rejected the Security Council resolutions and he 
suspects that the Sudanese Cabinet will not cooperate.  He 
stated that the GOS's denunciation of the resolutions 
demonstrates its lack of intention to fulfill any commitments 
it makes. 
 
4.  (C) Shogar agreed with the points made by Harir and also 
thanked the USG for its efforts on behalf of Darfur.  He 
emphasized that the SLM is in the process of reasserting 
control on the ground and has recently brought its troops 
under control.  As evidence of this, Shogar cited the lack of 
rebel violations of the ceasefire over the past reporting 
periods.  He added that the SLM will comply with the U.N. 
resolutions and continue to protect humanitarian groups whose 
work is to assist the people of Darfur.  He thanked U.S. 
policy-makers and stated that he was impressed with 
Representative Jackson-Lee's interest in Darfur during her 
recent visit.  Shogar is concerned about the deteriorating 
security situation's impact on the displaced persons and 
refugee camps in Sudan and Chad.  With the rainy season 
coming, he is worried that more lives will be lost. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
SLM REORGANIZATION EFFORTS 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
5.  (C) Shogar also described instability in the SLM's 
leadership structure.  He requested international assistance 
as quickly as possible for SLM to meet in Darfur and select 
new leadership and a permanent delegation to represent the 
movement at peace talks.  The Ambassador asked the SLM 
representatives to describe the outcome of the movement's 
recent consultations in Chad.  Shogar replied that the SLM's 
key problem is that it is headed by two young "guys" with no 
experience.  He said the movement's chairman, Abdelwahid 
Nour, and general-secretary, Mini Minawi, are in constant 
conflict.  It is impossible to make decisions and a 
conference is needed to produce "rational" leadership for the 
SLM, he maintained. 
 
6.  (C) Harir described the SLM's rapid expansion from a 
 
 
small core of 42 members to its current size since July 2002 
as the movement's actions against government targets 
succeeded in attracting disaffected Darfurians.  During this 
period, there were no efforts to design an internal 
decision-making structure.  Harir said that the SLM has a 
chairman, general secretary, and military members but no 
other bodies setting direction or policy.  Better 
organization is badly needed to strengthen command and 
control. When there are no military operations, SLM troops 
are complaining and "doing other things" because no one is 
articulating the movement's objectives to them.  He 
emphasized that this is the time in which SLM leaders should 
be able to communicate to its field component the importance 
of not committing human rights abuses.  (Comment: Harir 
emphasized the importance of honoring the ceasefire with 
field commanders Juma Haggar and Djidu during their recent 
visit to N'Djamena.  Harir specifically mentioned that there 
should be no SLM attacks on civilians or convoys.  End 
Comment.)  Also, the potential for factionalization within 
SLM's military component is growing as long as Mini and 
Abdelwahid are fighting to stay on top.  Sharif described 
them as so busy trying to keep their positions that they have 
lost focus. 
 
7.  (C)  Harir believes that SLM's reorganization can bring 
together many of the fighting elements on the ground.  Many 
SLM fighters are fed up with Mini and Abdelwahid, according 
to Harir, and some are now living in refugee camps with their 
families.  Some move back and forth across the Chad-Sudan 
border.  Harir stated that the National Movement for Reform 
and Democracy (NMRD) fighters are looking for an alliance 
with SLM, as are commanders from the Justice and Equality 
Movement (JEM) (Ref B).  Harir said the JEM is more 
organized, but its highly centralized structure complicates 
negotiations because its spokesmen must call Khalil for 
instructions between sessions.  Harir called JEM's leadership 
a "web-site" and "thuraya" operation.  Harir described the 
agenda of JEM's rank-and-file as more like that of the SLM. 
He claims that ousted JEM field commander Mohammed Saleh has 
already won over half of JEM's fighters.  Harir believes that 
Saleh will have no other option than to bring these fighters 
to the SLM.  It is important for these splinter forces to 
join the SLM to avoid manipulation by Sudanese intelligence, 
according to Harir. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
HELP US SIT TOGETHER UNDER TREES IN DARFUR 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
8.  (C)  Mini and Abdelwahid's unwillingness to build an 
organizational structure can be overcome with a SLM 
conference within Darfur, according to Harir.  He described a 
scenario where the military commanders, political and 
traditional leaders, and Darfurian exiles "sit together under 
trees" in Darfur to set direction, elect leaders, create 
committees, and select a permanent negotiating team.  The 
Ambassador asked whether or not a meeting in Rome facilitated 
by San Egidio or another non-governmental organization could 
be useful.  Harir and Shogar both said that those meetings 
are only attended by hand-picked people who can get 
passports.  The "sample is well-controlled" and may not be 
representative, said Harir, and it is more important to have 
the people of Darfur together in Sudan to organize the 
movement so there is wider participation.  Harir and Shogar 
also indicated that leaders selected outside Darfur will not 
be accepted by those inside. 
 
9.  (C) Harir and Shogar requested assistance to arrange the 
logistics for an organizational meeting in Darfur.  Harir and 
Shogar are planning to head to Darfur in the coming days to 
start the preparations for a meeting.  Harir is awaiting 
permission from the Chadian Government to ensure he would be 
allowed back into Chad.  The Ambassador pressed Harir to be 
specific on the types of assistance that would be needed. 
Harir said this effort would require basic funding to move 
key leaders into Darfur, food for the SLM's fighters and the 
participants in the conference, vehicles and petrol, and 
means of communications.  The international community could 
also assist in obtaining assurances from Chad and Libya to 
allow the safe passage of rebel movement members to the 
talks.  The Ambassador asked about the African Union's role. 
Harir said the AU and other "friends" of the movement would 
 
 
likely be invited.  He also said that the involvement of an 
outside foundation, to ensure a proper accounting of funds, 
is acceptable. 
 
10. (C)  Harir observed that the outcome of the meeting would 
be the creation of an organization with a division of 
responsibilities, including political and military committees 
to provide a system of accountability.  He cited, as an 
example of the lack of accountability now existing in the 
movements, a recent case involving Abdelwahid's refusal to 
answer his Thuraya when the United Nations and Harir were 
trying to reach him.  It is this type of behavior, Harir 
maintained, that must end in order to make SLM members 
accountable.  The Ambassador said he was glad Harir and 
Shogar had not claimed that the Darfur meeting was a 
precondition for the resumption of the talks in Abuja.  Harir 
agreed that it was not, but that an organized and focused SLM 
was critical to the success of the negotiations. 
 
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WHEREABOUTS OF OTHER MOVEMENT MEMBERS 
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11.  (C) The Embassy could not deliver the points cited in 
Ref A to several of the rebel movement members.  We will 
continue to look for opportunities to do so.  SLM's Bahar 
Arabi departed Chad for Maiduguri, Nigeria on April 1.  JEM 
field commander Mohammed Saleh left Chad on or about April 2 
for Darfur.  He is currently inside Sudan.  Talgedin Niam, 
JEM's representative on the Joint Commission, is based in 
Chad but is currently outside the country.  He is either in 
Dubai or Asmara. 
 
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COMMENT 
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12.  (C)  Harir and Shogar clearly understood our message. 
Harir had previously discussed the issue of ceasefire 
violations with SLM's top field commanders when they were in 
N'Djamena.  Harir and Shogar's push for a meeting inside 
Darfur has an element of self-interest.  As previously 
reported, indications are that Harir may be elected into the 
SLM's hierarchy in a Darfur meeting.  Shogar wants more 
latitude at the Joint Commission, where he is the SLM's 
representative.  All indications in N'Djamena, including from 
Chadian authorities, is that the meeting could be held in May 
in Darfur.  It is not clear from here whether Mini Minawi or 
Abdelwahid would attend. 
 
13.  (C) Khartoum and Tripoli Minimize Considered. 
WALL 
 
 
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