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010901Z Mar 05

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                  ------------------C15C2A  020008Z /38    
FM AMEMBASSY HANOI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 6770
INFO AMCONSUL HO CHI MINH CITY

UNCLAS  HANOI 000494 
 
SIPDIS 
 
 
CORRECTED COPY 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: ETRD ECON VM IRM
SUBJECT:  VIETNAM:  STATE ROLE IN THE ECONOMY 
 
 
¶1.  What follows is Embassy Hanoi's effort to map out state 
involvement in Vietnam's economy, especially through the 
involvement of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), which are 
typically under the control of a ministry. 
 
¶2. Goods, sectors and industries included in SOE fact sheets 
 
     Aviation 
     Banking 
     Beer 
     Cement 
     Chemicals 
     Coffee 
     Construction 
     Electricity 
     Footwear 
     Furniture and Wood-Based Products 
     Insurance 
     Liquor 
     Milk and Milk Products 
     Mining 
     Oil and Gas 
     Paper 
     Pharmaceuticals 
     Processed Food and Beverage 
     Railways 
     Rice 
     Rubber and Plastic 
     Securities 
     Ship Building 
     Shipping 
     Steel 
     Telecom 
     Textile and Apparel 
     Tobacco and Cigarettes 
 
¶3.  Explanation of Information in SOE Fact Sheets 
 
Amount of State control:  Indicates if there is a State 
monopoly policy, or if the sector/industry is restricted or 
protected in any way.  Notes any major regulations, 
protections or developments in the industry/sector that may 
affect State control. 
 
Market Share controlled by State:  Reports State share of 
sector or industry and where possible, includes non-state 
shares separated by domestic private or foreign invested 
enterprises.  Market share is defined differently within each 
industry (production share, share of turnover, sub sector 
control, etc.) and is defined for each industry.  Attempts 
were also made to capture State control along different 
stages of the supply chain where appropriate 
(manufacturing/production, processing, 
distribution/transmission, trading). 
 
Sector regulated by:  Indicates body that oversees overall 
industry.  We have attempted to note where a different 
agency/ministry has oversight over a specific or other major 
SOE. 
 
Major SOEs:  Lists the largest SOEs in each sector. This 
generally includes the General Corporation 90s/91s where 
there are ones.  Where possible, the number of member or 
subsidiary companies under the GC 90s/91s is indicated, as 
well as the market share. 
 
Key Associate SOEs:  These may be large member enterprises 
under the GC91s/90s.  These also include shareholding 
companies with large SOE capital. 
 
Non-State market shareholders:  This attempts to list key 
domestic private and foreign invested enterprises including 
joint venture and joint stock companies where the State might 
hold significant interest. 
 
Note:  In conducting this research there were significant 
data gaps.  Data across industries are collected through 
different sources and even within industries it was often 
necessary to consult multiple sources.  In other cases, 
ministries provided data for industries that may not have 
been representative nationally. 
 
¶4.  Aviation 
 
AMOUNT OF STATE CONTROL:  100 PERCENT 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
     Domestic flights:  100 percent 
     International flights:  44 percent 
     Cargoes: 30 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Civil Aviation Administration of 
Vietnam (CAAV) under Ministry of Transportation 
 
Major SOE's:   Vietnam Airlines 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Pacific Airlines (86 percent owned by Vietnam Airlines, the 
remaining owned by some large SOE's), 
VASCO (100 percent owned by Vietnam Airlines) 
 
Non-State market shareholders:  None 
 
¶5.  Banking 
 
Amount of State control:  76 - 80 percent.   Vietnam has gone 
ahead of BTA commitments schedule to allow foreign commercial 
banks to establish 100 percent foreign owned banks in Vietnam 
from 1 October 2004.  Implementing legislations are being 
considered. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
     Lending:    76-78 percent 
     Deposit:  80 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  State Bank of Vietnam 
 
Major SOE's: 
Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) 
Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam (BIDV) 
Industrial and Commercial Bank of Vietnam (Incombank) 
Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD) 
 
Note:  Vietcombank is the first state-owned commercial bank 
slated for equitization (this has been delayed and the 
timeline has not yet been finalized). The Government has 
instructed that Vietcombank will be restructured toward 
multiple-ownership but that the State must have a dominant 
role. The percentage share the State will retain has not yet 
been decided. 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
BIDV Securities Company 
Incombank Securities Company 
Vietcombank Securities Company 
VBARD Securities Company 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
                         Market share (lending) 
33 joint stock banks          10-11 percent 
 
4 joint venture banks 
     VID Public Bank     (50 percent BIDV) 
     Indovina Bank       (50 percent Incombank) 
     ChoHung Vina Bank   (50 percent Vietcombank) 
     Vina Siam Bank      (37 percent VBARD) 
 
27 foreign bank branches 
 
Joint-venture banks and foreign bank branches have 
approximately 8-9 percent market share. 
 
¶6.  Beer 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy, but foreign 
investment halted since 2002 at PM's decision 28/2002/QD-TTG 
dated 2/6/2002. 
 
Production share controlled by: 
     State: 62.3 percent 
     Domestic private: 11.6 percent 
     FDI: 26.1 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's: 
SABECO, HABECO (hold a combined 40 percent market share) 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Hanoi-Haiduong Beer Joint-Stock Company 
Thanh Hoa Beer Joint-Stock Company 
Chuong Duong Beverage Company 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Heineken and Tiger (wholly foreign owned) 
San Miguel, Fosters and Carlsberg (joint-ventures) 
 
¶7.  Cement 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy, but heavily 
protected with high tariff rates (currently 40 percent for 
imports from non-ASEAN countries) 
 
Production share controlled by: 
     State:    66.8 percent 
     Domestic private: 3.0 percent 
 
     FDI:  30.2 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's:   Vinacement. This corporation includes all 
central state-owned enterprises; it alone holds a market 
share of 47.6 percent (out of 66.8 percent shared by both 
central and provincial state-owned enterprises). 
 
Key Associate SOE's:  Holcim Co., (a joint-venture between Ha 
Tien Cement Co., a member company of Vinacement, and a Swiss 
company) 
 
Non-State market shareholders:  Chinfon Haiphong Cement 
Corporation 
 
¶8.  Chemicals 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy. 
 
Production share controlled by:  Since chemicals include a 
great variety of items, data mentioned here refer to major 
chemicals and chemical products, in decreasing level of State 
control. 
 
Percent:             State     Non-state    Foreign-invested 
 
Soldering stick:     100 
Chemical fertilizer:  99.7       0.3 
Sulfuric Acid:        97                        3 
Bicycle tubes:        80.2       3.6           16.1 
Insecticide:          68.6      18.2           13.6 
Bicycle tires:        61.4       8.3           30.3 
Detergent:            41         8.8           50.2 
Soda NaOH:            22.3                     77.7 
Paint:                15        18.3           66.7 
 
Sector regulated by:     Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's:   VINACHEM (Vietnam National Chemical 
Corporation) with 41 member companies 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Yokohama Vietnam 
P&G Vietnam, Lever Vietnam 
Yogen Mitsui Vina 
ICI (Vietnam ICI Paint Joint Venture Company) 
JVF (Japan- Vietnam Fertilizer Company) 
TPC Vina (TPC Vina Plastics and Chemical Company) 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Kova Paint Co. Ltd. 
Tan Dai Hung Plastics Joint Stock Co. 
 
Note:  Concerning fertilizer, there is no protection policy. 
The Government even encourages all sectors to be involved in 
manufacturing but as the profit is low so not many 
enterprises are interested and local production can only meet 
40 percent of the total demand in the country. The rest has 
to be imported. 
 
¶9.  Coffee 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy.  The Government 
encourages all economic sectors to make investments in the 
industry, encourages local enterprises to enter into joint 
ventures with foreign counterparts in the coffee processing 
industry. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
     Production share:  20 percent (80 percent belong to 
     farmers and plantation owners) 
     Share of exports:  80 percent 
 
Note:  Where there are no special conditions on the export of 
coffee, in order to export, enterprises need a lot of 
capital. Only SOEs are in a position to have large capital as 
they can borrow more easily. That is not the case for private 
enterprises. Out of the 20 percent of exports held by the 
private sector, FDI accounts for around 10 percent. 
 
Sector regulated by: 
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) 
Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
Ministry of Trade (MOT) 
 
Major SOE's: 
VINACAFE (Vietnam National Coffee Corporation) 
INTIMEX (INTIMEX Import- Export Corporation) 
Northern Foodstuff Company 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Dakman Joint Venture Company 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Olam Company (100 percent foreign-owned) 
Thai Hoa Production and Trading Co. Ltd 
Trung Nguyen Coffee Enterprise 
 
¶10.  Construction 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
     SOEs's turnover in 2004 accounted for 59.3 percent 
     SOEs's investment in 2003 accounted for 57.6 percent 
 
                Percent: State          Private        FIE 
Construction             56.6           42.7           0.7 
Construction Materials   63.5           26.1          10.5 
Consultancy Service      69.2           30.3           0.5 
 
Note:  Data in Ministry of Construction's(MOC) 2004 Annual 
Industry Report covers only 39 provinces. 
 
Players in the market:  Total: 7,845 enterprises (as of 2002) 
 
Major SOEs (100 percent State owned equity): 
Vietnam Construction Import - Export Corporation (Vinaconex) 
Song Da Corporation 
 
Note: All member companies of Vinaconex will be equitized in 
¶2005. The current equitized figure is 24 of 31 members of 
which the State retains dominant shareholding of 51 percent. 
 
Other SOEs: 
Infrastructure Construction and Development Corporation 
(LICOGI) 
Vietnam Machinery Installation Corp. (LILAMA) 
Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUD) 
Ha Noi Construction Corporation (HACC) 
Construction Corporation for the Central Region (COSEVCO) 
Construction Corporation No. 1 
Song Hong Construction Corporation 
Vietnam Cement Corporation (VNCC) 
Construction Machinery Corporation (COMA) 
Industrial Development Investment Corporation (IDICO) 
Vietnam Building Glass and Ceramics Corporation (VIGLACERA) 
Building Material Corporation No. 1 (FICO) 
Bach Dang Construction Corporation 
 
Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIEs): 294 enterprises (as of 
November 2004) 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Construction 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Vinaconex 3 
Vinaconsul 
Vinata JV 
Vikowa Vinaconex 
 
¶11.  Electricity 
 
Amount of State control:  State monopoly in transmission. 
Distribution and generation is open for all sectors. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
     Electricity generation production:  96.8 percent 
          (Non-state: 0.02 percent; FIE: 3.2 percent) 
     Transmission:  100 percent 
     Distribution:  100 percent 
 
Major SOEs (100 percent State owned equity): 
Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) with 53 subsidiaries 
 
Non-SOE: 
Quang Ninh Thermal Power Plan 
Hai Phong Thermal Power Plan 
Hiep Phuoc Electricity Company 
Nomura Company 
Mekong Energy Company 
Vedan Power Company 
Bourbon Power Company 
 
Sector regulated by: Ministry of Industry 
 
Major SOE's: EVN 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Quang Ninh Thermal Power Plan 
Hai Phong Thermal Power Plan 
 
¶12.  Footwear 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy 
 
Percent production share controlled by: 
                    State     Domestic private    FIE 
Shoes and leather 
footwear:           22.6           34             43.4 
Fabric Shoes:       52.1           43.7            4.1 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's:  LEAPRODEXIM (Vietnam National Leather and 
Footwear Corporation) 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Hanoi Shoe Joint-Stock Company 
SAGODA Shoe and leather Joint-Stock Company 
Viet Shoe Joint Stock Company. 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
BITI'S 
BITA's 
Cao Khai International Ltd. 
Carimax Saigon Ltd. 
Captopvina Vietnam Ltd. 
Chang Shin Vietnam Ltd. 
Chang Yang Vietnam Ltd. 
Bely Enterprise Ltd. 
Asia Song Production Ltd. 
 
¶13.  Furniture and Wood-Based Products 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy 
 
Production share controlled by: 
     State:    15.5 percent 
     Domestic private: 69 percent 
     FIE: 15.5 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's: VinaFor 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Hai Phong Forest Products Stock Co. 
Vietnam-Japan Wood Chip Co. 
Co Do Stock Co. 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Khai Vy Ltd. Co. 
Hoang Anh Gia Lai 
Savimex 
Scansia Pacific 
 
¶14.  Insurance 
 
Amount of State control:  Vietnam has agreed to allow market 
access for the cross-border supply of insurance services to 
enterprises with foreign invested capital or foreigners 
working in Vietnam; reinvestment services. Under the BTA 
after five years, 100 percent U.S.-invested insurance 
companies may be established. Vietnam has granted license to 
one U.S. insurance firm to set up a wholly foreign-owned 
company and recently approved license for another U.S. 
insurer. 
 
Market share controlled by State 
     Life insurance:  43.8 percent 
     Non-life insurance:  79.3 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Finance 
 
Major SOE's: 
Bao Viet (43.8 percent for life; 41.3 percent for non-life) 
Petro Vietnam Insurance (non-life 12.8 percent) 
Vinare 
 
Note: Vinare is specialized in reinsurance services. The Law 
on Insurance stipulates that when an insurance company based 
in Vietnam provides reinsurance to an insurance company 
abroad, the Vietnamese insurance company must reinsure part 
of the accepted liabilities (currently at a minimum rate of 
20 percent) with a domestic company doing reinsurance 
business. 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Bao Minh (non-life market share 25.2 percent) 
Note:  Bao Minh has just been equitised and the State has 
retained 63 percent of shares. 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
 
                    Ownership           Market share 
Life Insurance: 
     Prudential     wholly foreign owned     40 percent 
 
     Manulife       wholly foreign owned     12 percent 
     AIA            wholly foreign owned      5 percent 
     BaoMinh-CMG    JV 
(5 percent is the statistic available, which combines AIA and 
BaoMinh-CMG market share) 
 
Non-life insurance:           Ownership 
     Bao Long                 joint stock 
     Petrolimex Insurance     joint stock 
     Post & Telecom Insurance joint stock 
     Vien Dong JS Insurance   joint stock 
     Vietnam Int'l Assurance  JV (Bao Viet holds 51 percent) 
     United Insurance Co      JV (Bao Minh holds 51 percent) 
     BIDV - QBE Insurance     JV (BIDV holds 50 percent) 
     Samsung - Vina Insurance JV (Vinare holds 50 percent) 
     Incombank-Asia Insurance JV (Incombank holds 50 percent) 
     Allianz - AGF Insurance  wholly foreign owned 
     Groupama Insurance       wholly foreign owned 
 
¶15.  Liquor 
 
Amount of State control: No monopoly policy 
 
Production share controlled by: 
State:    4.0 percent 
Domestic private:  95.6 percent 
FIE: 0.4 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's: 
HABECO; SABECO 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Hanoi Liquor Company 
Binh Tay Liquor Company 
 
¶16.  Milk and Milk Products 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy 
 
Production share controlled by: 
     State:  69.2 percent 
     Domestic private:  0.0 percent 
     FIE: 30.8 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's: 
Moc Chau Cattle Breeding Company 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Vinamilk Joint-Stock Company (75 percent market share in 
milk) 
Nutifood Joint-Stock Company 
Kinh Do Joint-Stock Company 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Dutch Lady Vietnam 
Delta 
 
Note:  Vietnam Milk Company (Vinamilk) is the largest milk 
company in Vietnam. Previously, it was a wholly state-owned 
company.  It has been equitized, but the state still retains 
51 percent equity. Vinamilk holds 75 percent market share in 
milk sector. 
 
Moc Chau company is the only wholly state owned company in 
milk area now.  Its business ranges from cattle breeding to 
milk production.  Unlike Vinamilk and other FIEs, it produces 
milk wholly from its own material; therefore, its market 
share in milk products is small. 
 
¶17.  Mining 
 
Amount of State control:  45-95 percent depending on product. 
Foreign investment in exploration, exploitation and 
processing of deep-lying minerals is encouraged. 
 
Percent market share controlled by: 
               State   Non-state   FIE 
Coal mining:   95         2        3 
Metal ores:    74        25        1 
Stone and 
other mining:  45        53        2 
 
Sector is regulated by:  Ministry of Industry 
 
Major SOEs: 
Vinacoal 
Vietnam Mining Corporation 
 
¶18.  Oil and Gas 
 
Amount of State control:  The State controls both the 
upstream (exploration and production) and downstream 
(transport and refining) oil and natural gas industries.  For 
upstream activities, PetroVietnam is the only firm authorized 
to conduct petroleum operation.  Any petroleum exploration 
and production activities by foreign investors must be 
conducted in cooperation with PetroVietnam.  PetroVietnam's 
output percentage of 0.12 percent in extraction of crude oil 
and petroleum and natural gas stands for only direct state 
operations, while most of its operations are conducted in 
cooperation with foreign partners with more than 50 percent 
of share belonging to PetroVietnam. For imports of petroleum 
products, there is no monopoly policy, but only SOEs can 
satisfy licensing criteria due to MOT regulation of petroleum 
as a conditional import. 
 
Players in the market: 
By ownership: 
 
SOE (100 percent State owned equity): 
Vietnam National Oil and Gas Corporation (PetroVietnam) 
Petrolimex (under MOT) 
Petec (under MOT) 
PetroVietnam Trading Company (Petechim) (under PetroVietnam) 
SaigonPetro (under Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee) 
Vinapco (under Vietnam Airlines) 
 
Non-SOE (foreign companies): 
Vietsovpetro (JV), Hoang Long Joint Operation, BHP Petroleum 
Vietnam (BHP), BP, ConocoPhilips, Korea National Oil 
Corporation (KNOC), SK Corporation, GeoPetro, Mishubishi, 
PetroCanada, Sumitomo, Carigali, Petronas, Talisman, Cuu Long 
JOC, Elf Gas, Mobil Unique (a consortium of Mobil, Mitsui, 
and Unique Gas & Petrochemical), PTT Exploration (PTT), 
Enterprise, Fina, Idemitsu, Indian Oil Petronas Ltd. (IPL), 
Japan National Oil, Nexen, OMV, Occidental, Pedco, Statoil, 
TotalFina, and Zarubezhneft. 
 
By production stage: 
Upstream (exploration and production): 
     PetroVietnam 
More than 30 foreign companies operate in cooperation with 
PetroVietnam 
 
Downstream: (SOEs only) 
     Petrolimex (largest importer with 60-70percent market 
     share), Petec, Petechim, SaigonPetro, Vinapco 
 
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): 
     Saigon Petro, Petrolimex, Elf Gas, Mobil Unique 
 
Sector Regulated By: 
Ministry of Industry (Upstream and LPG) 
Ministry of Trade (Petroleum import) 
 
¶19.  Paper 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy, but highly 
protected with high tariff rates.  Tariffs currently range 
from 30-50 percent for various types of paper imported from 
non-ASEAN countries). 
 
Market share controlled by: 
State:  33 percent 
Domestic private: 35 percent 
FIE:  2 percent 
Imported:  30 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's:   Vinapimex (controlled by MOI) has 12 member 
companies that include the biggest ones in the sector such as 
Bai Bang, Tan Mai, Dong Nai and Viet Tri. 
 
Key Associate SOE's:  None 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
New Toyo Tissue Paper Company (FDI) 
Vinh Tien Joint-Stock Company 
Le Hoa Joint-Stock Company 
Tien Phat Co., Ltd. 
 
¶20.  Pharmaceuticals 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy, but 
manufacturing and trade subject to control by the Ministry of 
Health.  Foreign investors are allowed to enter into JV with 
Vietnamese partners or to establish 100 percent foreign owned 
enterprises in Vietnam to manufacture and distribute 
pharmaceutical products in the local market.  As for import 
activities, only SOEs are allowed to be involved; private 
enterprises that want to import pharmaceuticals have to ask 
 
SOEs to do that on their behalf. Under Decision 155 issued on 
August 24,2004, certain SOEs engaged in the distribution 
sector will be equitized, but the state will retain a 
controlling interest. All pharmaceutical products have to be 
registered with and the retail price of pharmaceuticals has 
to be informed to the Pharmaceutical Management Department. 
For the time being, the Government has allowed for parallel 
import. 
 
Production share controlled by State: 
 
Percent:         State   Non-state FIE 
Medical ampoule: 84.6    15.3      0.1 
Liquid medicine: 83.7    7.9       8.4 
Tablets:         83      14.1      2.9 
 
Sector regulated by:  Pharmaceutical Management Department 
(Ministry of Health) 
 
Major SOE's: 
Vietnam Pharmaceutical General Corporation, with 18 members 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Sanofi Pharma Vietnam 
Rhone- Poulenc Rorer 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Hitsamisu 
Rohto Mentholatllm 
Novartis (wholly foreign-owned) 
Do Thanh Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd. 
 
¶21.  Processed Food and Beverage 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy 
 
Production share controlled by: 
     State:    38.3 percent 
     Domestic private: 37.6 percent 
     FIE: 24.1 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's: 
Vifon 
Vissan 
Halong Canned Food Company 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Vifon Acecook Joint-Venture 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Unilever Bestfood 
Pataya Vietnam Ltd. 
Ajinomoto Vietnam 
 
¶22.  Railways 
 
Amount of State control:  Monopoly policy applied. 
 
Market share controlled by State:  100 percent 
 
Sector Regulated By: Ministry of Transportation 
 
Major SOE's:   Vietnam National Railways (VNR) 
 
¶23.  Rice 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy, but trade 
subject to food security control. 
 
Production share controlled by: 
 
               State  Non-state    FIE 
Milled rice:   2.6       97.4      0.01 
Rice export:   97.9      1.5       0.5 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 
Development (MARD) 
 
Major SOE's: 
Vinafood 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
Hiep thanh 
Vinh Phat 
Mivimex 
Angimex-Kitoku 
 
¶24.  Rubber and Plastic 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy applied. 
 
Market share controlled by: 
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products: 
     State 31.1 percent 
     Non-state 44.2 percent 
     24.8 percent(production value) 
 
Players in the market:  Total of rubber and plastic 
manufacturers: 806 
 
Rubber: 
Major SOE (100 percent State owned equity): 
Geruco 
Casumina 
 
Non-State: 
Yokohama 
Inoue 
Kenda 
Shinfa 
Veloce 
Camel 
 
Sector Regulated By: Ministry of Industry 
 
¶25.  Securities 
 
Amount of State control:  Vietnam has not agreed to provide 
market access or national treatment for the cross-border 
supply of securities-related services.  Joint venture 
securities companies or joint venture funds management 
companies are permitted but foreign capital contribution is 
currently limited at 49 percent. 
 
Market share controlled by State:  State-owned securities 
firms take the majority share of underwriting services. 
Joint stock securities firms take the majority shares in 
stock-brokering services 
 
Sector regulated by:  State Securities Commission 
 
Major SOE's: 
BIDV Securities Company 
Incombank Securities Company 
Vietcombank Securities Company 
VBARD Securities Company 
Bao Viet Securities Company 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
9 joint stock securities companies 
ACB Securities Company 
De Nhat Joint Stock Securities Company 
Mekong Joint Stock Securities Company 
Thang Long Securities Ltd. Company 
Eastern Asia Bank Securities Company 
Hai Phong Joint Stock Securities Company 
Saigon Securities Company 
HCMC Joint Stock Securities 
 
1 joint venture fund management company 
 
¶26.  Ship Building 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy applied. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
 
Ship Building in 2004:  State, 80 percent; Non-State, 20 
percent 
 
SOEs account for 66 percent of the number of companies in 
this sector. 
 
Major SOEs (100 percent State owned equity): 
 
Vietnam Shipping Industry Corporation (Vinashin) 
Note: Vinashin includes 35 independent member companies, 13 
dependent member companies, 6 joint venture companies, and 14 
joint stock companies. 
 
Other SOEs: 
Ba Son Shipyard Company 
An Phu Shipyard Company (HCM) 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Song Dao Marine Industry Company 
 
Non-SOE: 
Saigon Shipyard JV 
Trung Hai Shipyard Company 
Song Dao Marine Industry Company 
Hoang Anh Marine Industry Company 
 
Sector Regulated By: Ministry of Transportation 
 
¶27.  Shipping 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly. However, foreign 
investors are only allowed to establish joint venture company 
with maximum of 49 percent equity contribution. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
 
Total capacity of Vietnamese flagged ships up to October 
2004: 2.85 million dead weight tons (DWT) (accounted for 18.5 
percent of Vietnam's total import and export goods) 
 
SOEs' capacity up to October 2004: 62 percent (1.78 million 
DWT) 
SOEs account for 57 percent of the number of companies. 
 
Key SOEs: 
Vietnam National Shipping Lines (Vinalines) 
 
Other SOEs: 
Vietnam Ocean Shipping (Vosco) 
Vitranschart 
 
Key Associate SOE's:  Gemartrans JV 
 
Non-State: 
APM-Saigon Shipping JV Company 
Gemartrans JV 
Gemadept 
Vietnam Japan International Transport Co. (Vijaco) 
Vietnam Container Exploitation JV (Vinabridge) 
 
Sector Regulated By: Ministry of Transportation 
 
¶28.  Steel 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy, but heavily 
protected with high tariff rates. 
 
Production share controlled by: 
     State:     33.6 percent 
     Domestic private:  29.5 percent 
     FDI:  37.0 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's:  Vietnam Steel Corporation 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Vina KyoEi Steel Ltd. 
VSC-Posco Steel Corp. 
Vinausteel Ltd. 
Natsteel Vina Co. Ltd. 
 
Non-State market shareholders:  Zamil Steel Vietnam 
 
¶29.  Telecom 
 
Amount of State control:  Monopoly policies are applied for 
fix local telephone service, domestic long-distance telephone 
service, international long-distance telephone service, and 
mobile service. 
 
Market share controlled by State: 
 
SOEs account for 66.7 percent of the number of companies. 
SOE turnover in 2003 accounted for over 99 percent. 
 
Fixed local telephone service:     100 percent 
     VNPT, Vietel, SPT, ETC 
 
Domestic long-distance telephone service: 100 percent 
     VNPT, Vietel, SPT, ETC 
 
International long-distance telephone service: 100 percent 
     VNPT, Vietel, SPT, ETC 
 
Domestic long-distance and international telephone service using IP 
protocol (VOIP): 
VNPT, Vietel, SPT, ETC, Vishipel        98.1 percent 
Hanoi Telecom:                           1.9 percent 
 
Mobile service:                         100 percent 
VNPT (MobiFone and Vinaphone)            90 percent 
Vietel                                    4 percent 
SPT (S-Fone)                              6 percent 
 
Leased Lines: 
VNPT, Vietel,  ETC                       53 percent 
FPT (equitized)                          47 percent 
 
Internet:                               72.9 percent 
 
VNPT (VDC):                             51.6 percent 
Netnam                                   6.7 percent 
SPT                                      6.3 percent 
Vietel                                   8.3 percent 
Hanoi Telecom:                           0.2 percent 
FPT (equitized)                         25.4 percent 
OCI                                      1.4 percent 
 
Sector Regulated By:  Ministry of Post and Telematics 
 
Major SOEs (100 percent State owned equity): 
Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Corporation (VNPT) 
Vietnam Military Telecom Company (VIETEL) 
Saigon Post and Telecommunication Corporation (SPT) 
 
Other SOEs: 
Electricity Telecommunication Company (ETC) 
Vietnam Shipping Telecommunication Company (VISHIPEL) 
Netnam 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Hanoi Telecommunication Joint Stock Company (Hanoi Telecom) 
Note:  State-owned capital accounts for 51 percent. 
 
Non-SOE: 
FPT (Equitized:  90 percent private and 10 percent State) 
One Connection Internet (OCI) 
 
¶30.  Textile and Apparel 
 
Amount of State control:  No monopoly policy 
 
Production share controlled by State: 
     Textile   31.7 percent 
     Apparel   31.0 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI); quota 
allocation is regulated by Ministry of Trade (MOT), in 
coordination with MOI 
 
Major SOE's: 
Vinatex, controlled by MOI, members consist of all centrally- 
state owned companies, 26 company in the North such as 
Hanosimex, Thang Long, Duc Giang, Chien Thang; 22 companies 
in the South such as Viet Thang, Viet Tien, Phuoc Long, Thang 
Loi, Nha Be 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Vinatex has nine joint-ventures with domestic companies such 
as Binh Minh, Sai Gon, Dong Nai, Ho Guom Joint-Stock 
companies, and seven joint-ventures with foreign companies 
such as Dona BoChang International, Donatex, Vinatex-Oriental 
Jade. 
 
Non-State market shareholders: 
There are more than a thousand companies, among the biggest 
companies are: Thai Tuan (domestic sector); Chutex, Esquel 
garment Manufacturing Vietnam, FashionLine, The Hoa, 
VinaKorea, APEX (FDI). 
 
¶31.  Tobacco and cigarettes 
 
Note: As Vietnam has had to import most of tobacco so far, 
the data mentioned underneath refers only to cigarette 
manufacturing.  However, beginning in 2005, a joint venture 
between BAT and VINATABA will specialize in producing high- 
quality tobacco. 
 
Amount of State control:  The Government retains monopoly 
over cigarette manufacturing. Under Decision 155 issued on 
August 24, 2004, the State will continue to retain full 
ownership over SOEs engaged in cigarette manufacturing. 
Cigarettes are an item subject to business restrictions and 
no imports are allowed. It is also subject to special 
consumption tax (45 percent if domestic materials are used 
and 65 percent if imported materials are used) 
 
Production share controlled by State:  100 percent 
 
Sector regulated by:  Ministry of Industry (MOI) 
 
Major SOE's: 
VINATABA (Vietnam National Tobacco Corporation) 
Khanh Hoa Tobacco Company 
Ben Thanh Tobacco Company 
Dong Nai Tobacco Company 
Binh Duong Tobacco Company 
27/7 Tobacco Company 
 
Key Associate SOE's: 
Da Nang Tobacco Company (a joint venture between VINATABA and 
DaNang Industry Department), VINASA (a joint venture between 
VINATABA and Can Tho Industry Department). In addition, there 
 
are joint venture contracts between British American Tobacco, 
Japan Tobacco International (JTI)and Philip Morris and 
VINATABA. (According to these contracts, VINATABA will 
manufacture cigarettes as ordered by these foreign 
corporations.) 
 
Non-State market shareholders:  None.  The private sector is 
only allowed to be involved in distribution activities. 
End Text. 
 
MARINE 
 
 
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